Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 16 | ||||
Aché | yes | But there are few instances of it | Rossler 2008:30-67 | |||
Adnyamathanha | no | 0 | ||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 25 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:49-51 | ||||
Alyawarr | no info | X | ||||
Andoke | yes | Landaburu 1979, p.62 | spreads across some boundaries, including person-marking prefixes | |||
Apurinã | no info | not discussed in phonolgoy or morphology sections | Facundes, 2000 | |||
Arabana | no | 57-9 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | No | 67 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1980:1020 | ||||
Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | No | 7 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | is not discussed by the author | Ramirez 2001 | |||
Barasano | yes | Nasalization may spread throughout a word, on a morphological basis, generally spreading to the right. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.13 | |||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 8 | ||||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p67-68 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
Biri | no info | x | ||||
Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:32-46 | ||||
Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no info | |||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | Deza Galindo 1992: 65 | ||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | yes | spreads to the right. only suffixes unmarked for nasality, and it is blocked by inherently oral vowels or consonants. Nasal spreading is also blocked by word boundary. | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 8 | Nasalization spreads from a nasal vowel to the right across morpheme boundaries onto vowels which are unmarked for nasality and nasalizable consonants (/b d j w x r/) intervene. | ||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | yes | vowels are usually nasalized when appearing prenasally | ||||
Darkinyung | no | 15 | 0 | |||
Desano | yes | spreads to the right. only suffixes unmarked for nasality, and it is blocked by inherently oral vowels or consonants | Miller 1999, p. 13 | |||
Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no info | x | ||||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 30 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 2 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 21 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 283 | 0 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004:66-68 | ||||
Eñepa | no | No nasalization | Payne 2012:41-66 | |||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
Githabul | No | 7 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
Guaymí | yes | Particularly with clitics | Quesada 2008:34 | |||
Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | xix | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith | ||||
Gunya | No | 283 | 0 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 36 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 24-25 | 0 | |||
Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no info | |||||
Ingá | no info | |||||
Jaru | no info | x | ||||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no info | |||||
Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | yes | 13b | 1 | |||
Karajarri | No | 47 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no info | |||||
Katthang | no | 17 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No | 1 | 0 | |||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | yes | Souza 2008:103 | ||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
Kokatha | No | 5 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | yes | Nasalization runs progressively through morphemic boundaries to be stopped by a bilabial plosive. Nasalization runs throughout the word regressively in the same way, but does not cross the boundary between a suffix and a root. | Young 1984, p.76 | |||
Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 79 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 374 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
Kunjen | No | 15 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 30 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | no | Only two nasals (which are less commonly used), so nasal spreading is not apparent. | Zamponi 2003:14-20 | |||
Makiritare | no | Escoriaza 1959 | ||||
Makuna | yes | Progressive and regressive in the phonological word. | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p. 28 | Until stopped by an intrinsically oral suffix. | ||
Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 140-148 | ||||
Mapudungun | no info | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | probably not | |||
Marrgany | No | 283 | 0 | |||
Martuthunira | no | 37-42 | 0 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 85 | 0 | |||
Matses | yes | Fleck:134-5 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 24 | 0 | |||
Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.3-4 | not indicated/expected | |||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | no | 44-45 | 0 | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Barbosa 2005 | ||||
Nanti | no | /h/ triggers nasalization on preceding vowel. | Michael, 2008. p. 231 | |||
Narungga | No | 31 | 0 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 9 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | No | 9 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | no info | x | ||||
Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
Ninam | no | Nasality is a feature of the morpheme, but there's no clearly stated evidence that nasality spreads specifically from roots across morpheme boundaries | Migliazza 1972: p.158 | |||
Northern Emberá | yes | Aguirre 1999:20-21 | Chamí | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | yes | 133 | 1 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:34-7 | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no | Pessoa 2005 | ||||
Piapoco | no | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 59 | ||||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 37 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 192 | 0 | |||
Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p104 | ||||
Páez | no info | |||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11-8 | ||||
Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 42-75 | ||||
Ritharrngu | No | 9 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no info | nasalization is a property of the morpheme, but there is no info on whether or not this spreads throughout words | Migliazza 1972: p. 206 | morphemic | ||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 | ||||
Siona | yes | Nasalization carries through w, y, h, and glottal stop. | Wheeler - 1970:22 | |||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | yes | Regressive nasalization | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:17 | |||
Tanimuca | yes | Nasalization spreads both progressively and regressively. Nasal spreading is blocked by obstruents (except /dy/) | Strom 1992, p.20 | |||
Tariana | yes | The domain of nasalization is phonological word, incl. any affixes, (not sure about clitics) and is probably due to Tucano influence | Aikhenvald 2003: 42 | |||
Thanggati | no | 6-7 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 4 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no info | |||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997: 58, 61 | Nasalization can spread from nasal lexical morpheme to its oral suffixes. A nasal suffix can also contaminate an oral vowel preceding it, but it will not change the entire word or morpheme nasal | |||
Uradhi | No | 316 | 0 | |||
Urarina | yes | Olawsky:74 | ||||
Wajarri | No | 17 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | yes | "Nasalization spreads to the right from a nasal vowel, carring through m, n, e w, but stopping just before any other consonant or before epenthetic a. The spread of nasalization crosses the border between prestem and stem." | Santos, 2006:58 | |||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
Warnman | No | 10 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 16 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | No | 12-15 | 0 | |||
Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
Waunana | yes | Loewen 1954:36, 39 | ||||
Wayuu | yes | All the words derived from eeju 'to smell' have nasalization all across the word, but nasalization isn't phonemic. | Mansen, 1967: p. 58, Mansen, Richard A. and Karis Mansen. (1984). Aprendamos Guajiro. SIL | |||
Wemba-Wemba | no | H 11 | 0 | |||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | yes | K81 120 | 1 | |||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | No | 29, 39-41 | 0 | |||
Woiwurrung | no | 0 | ||||
Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
Yanesha' | no | Fast 1953:191-4 | ||||
Yanomami | yes | Nasality can spread throughout the morphemes of a word if one of the morphemes is nasalized. | Migliazza 1972: p.158, Ramirez 1994: 69 | |||
Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987): p. 31 | ||||
Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no info | x | ||||
Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no | 53 | 0 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p. 12 | ||||
Yulparija | No | 16 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | No | 15 | 0 |
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