Affect markers (positive/negative)
- Category
- Verbal Categories - Mood
- Notes
- Note whether these inflectional markers are positive or negative
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no info | |||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Not listed among verbal morphology or "bound formatives" (clitics). | Facundes, 2000: 305-327, 379-410 | |||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | Yes | 177 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1982; Payne 1983 | ||||
| Añun | no info | no discussion of mood | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 94 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no info | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.92-105 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 135 to 140 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no info | |||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 47 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p.84-85 | would INTESITY as expressed by suffixes (3) included in this? Inclination is to say not (bc pos and neg) but notes say "speaker's feelings" | |||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 167 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 246-9 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 22 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:99-146 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 300 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 324 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | |||||
| Ingá | yes | The diminutive suffix borrowed form Spanish /-ito, -ita/ are used as affective markers as well as diminutive | Levinson 1976b:65 | |||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no info | x | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 165 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Katthang | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.59 | both shown on chart (Cook) | |||
| Kotiria | no info | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 406 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 66 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:37-47 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 336 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.59-60 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 117-122 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no info | |||||
| Marrgany | No | 315 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 98 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55-60 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no info | Minor and Minor 1982. p.73-75, 102-103 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 215 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | There are desirable and undesirable extremals. Both of these mean that the action or state to which the morpheme is affixed is realized to an extreme degree, but the “undesirable extremal” -uma has the idea that the speaker has a negative attitude toward | Michael, 2008. p. 263-265 | |||
| Narungga | No info | 74 | x | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 118 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 242 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | more likely not | Mortensen 1999:59-88 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 121 to 136 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 156-178, 299-321 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 69 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 236 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 225 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | The author call these morphemes as: "compulsive", "seriousness" and "pathetic" | Giron 2008: p289 | |||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | This clitic means sadness or resignation. But it is not clear to what words this clitic attaces to. | Parker 1965:96 | |||
| Resígaro | no | The formulations of verb stems and verb words do not include this type of morphology. | Allin, 1976: 105, 124 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1970; Wheeler - 1987 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.80-83 | ||||
| Tariana | no | No discussion of affect markers in chapter on mood/modality morphology. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 371-399 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 31 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no info | Ramirez 1997 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 363 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | positive and fear | Olawsky:508-16 | |||
| Wajarri | No | 96 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no info | x | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006: 169 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 52-9 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 32, 34 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | It conveys that the action expressed by the verb is thoguht as been performed badly. | Duff-Tripp 1997:106 | |||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | no evidence of this | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | not done yet | X | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No info | 59 | x |
| Language |
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