No fixed basic constituent order
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | SVO | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 2 | |||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 76 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:545 | However, it is preferred to have the V at the end of the sentence | |||
| Alyawarr | yes | 129 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 96 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes notes that only VSO is not possible, and all orders but VSO and VOS appear in texts. However, many of the examples he gives have pronominal arguments. Aberdour (1985) discusses a basic constituent order. In addition, Facundes' corpora is mostly S | Facundes, 2000: 548 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 261; personal communication | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | VSO word order | Mihas 2010:13 | |||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989:75, 113-119 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 115 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Aikhenvald 2002:167 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Regarding word order, the subject is sentence initial when first introduced or in special focus and is sentence final elsewhere. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 4 | 0 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p333 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 1.1000000000000000888 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Free word order, with one exception: when using predicate marker on the verb, it must be preceded by an NP subject. | Seifart - 2005:68 | Most common: SOV | ||
| Bularnu | no | 87 | 0 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 290 | Generally the order should be SOV, but there are cases where it can be OSV,OVS, VSO or VOS, particularly in areas where there's a lot of contact with Spanish. | |||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 141 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 51 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | SOV is most popular order | Miller 1999, p. 2 | |||
| Dharawal | yes | 46 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 147-148 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 195 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 96 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 291 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | SVO | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:20 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | yes? | 1 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 40 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | The author argues that SOV is the underlying constituent order. But this order may vary by pragmatics | Quesada 2008:152 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 1 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 341 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | SOV - strongly preferred | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | No | 335 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:3 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:24-5 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | SOV basic order | Goncalves 2011:14 | |||
| Kakua | no | preference for OV: (S)O(S)V(S) | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 107 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 293 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | However, there are dfferent attested constituent orders which may be due to different constructions and information structure | Everett 2006:320-1 | |||
| Katthang | no | 106-109 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Constituent order tend to be fixes but it may be modified by topicalization strategies | Couto 2005:54 | |||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | SVO is pragmatically unmarked | Vallejos 2010:466 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 66 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | SOV preferred | Stenzel 2004 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 415 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 139 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 138 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 191 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 443 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | subject-verb-complement | Buenaventura - 1993 | |||
| Maipure | no | "Non-rigid" SVO. | Zamponi 2003:48 | |||
| Makiritare | no | SOV order is the dominant order, but others are allowed | Hall 1988 | |||
| Makuna | no | Smotheron 1993, p.31 | In general, the relative clauses and other nominal modifiers follow the noun, but may vary from this position and precede it. | |||
| Makushi | no | "The normal order of nuclear constituents is subject-verb, with the exception of the transitive and quotative in which the order is object-verb-subject." | Abbott 1991: 24 | |||
| Mapudungun | yes | It depends mostly on pragmatics and the inverse system. | Zúñiga 2006, p. 240-1 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 335 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 238-239 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 109 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Word order responds to pragmatic motivations. However, the SOV constituen order is the least marked | Fleck:814 | |||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 64 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | SOV preferred | Minor and Minor 1982. p.40 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 219 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | OSV | Weir 1984:24 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 345 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Naso | yes | SOV is main order, allows OVS too | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 36 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 236 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 120 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | yes | SVO is more frequent, but VS and OV also occur | Cruz 2011:412 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez: 125 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:89 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 236 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:57 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 181-183 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:136-7 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:13 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 23 | The basic order for transitive sentences is SOV, which alternates with OVS | |||
| Piapoco | no info | |||||
| Pintupi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 40 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 213 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Word order is quite variable in the language since grammatical functions are marked on the NP and the verb | Giron 2008: p335 | |||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | SOV and SV are the preffered orders | Soto 1976:59 | |||
| Resígaro | no | SV and SOV | Allin, 1976: 311, 318 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 103 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 19 | ||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | SOV preferred | Queixalós 2000 | |||
| Siona | yes | S(O)V | Wheeler - 1970; Wheeler - 1987 | |||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | SOV | Strom 1992, p.3 | Word order is rigid only for the subject, which, apart from negative decalaritives, occurs before other major constituents. | ||
| Tariana | yes | There is a tendency toward verb-final. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 507 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 109, 367-9 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 368 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | However, constituents may be "moved" by discourse pressures | Olawsky:652-ss | |||
| Wajarri | No | 138 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 46 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | no | Orr et all. 1991:20 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | SVO | Santos, 2006: 217 | |||
| Warlpiri | yes | h5-6 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 874 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 375 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 84 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Based on the list of possible or attested orders in the language | Mejía 2000:90 | |||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 51 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | FO 129; K85c 81 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 48-49 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 66 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 107 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:254 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 54 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Basic constituent order seems to be VSO | Duff-Tripp 1997:168 | |||
| Yanomami | no | absolutive always precedes verb, but ergative can be anywhere | Ramirez 1994: 98 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 62 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 2, 158 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | SOV | Matteson 1965:39 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 104 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 44 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 93 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries