OS in transitive clauses
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
- Object precedes subject
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 2 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 76 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:545 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 129 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 96 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Aberdour notes that SVO seems like a viable candidate for basic constituent order on the basis of corpus evidence, although notes that more information is necessary. | Aberdour, 1985: 27 | |||
| Arabana | no | 264: example 958 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1982:1820 | ||||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989:75, 113-119 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 115 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 4 | 0 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p333 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Not most common order, however. | Seifart - 2005:63-68 | |||
| Bularnu | yes | 94 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1985:102 | ||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 289-291 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no info | Chacón 2012 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 52 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 2 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 46; 62-64 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 147-148 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 203 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 94 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 291 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | but the position of the object is not actually fixed as long as it doesn't intervene between the SV | Martins 2005:521 | |||
| Eñepa | yes | But the verb occurs in between them as in OVS. | Gildea 1993:44 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | yes | 52 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Alphonse 1956:51 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 341 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 335 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:3 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:25 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 42, 152 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 319 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:320-1 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 107 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Couto 2005:54 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no | Stendal 1976:3 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:466 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 66 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, iii | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 182 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 415 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 140 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 191 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 450 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:40-42 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 46 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smotheron 1993, p.31 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 24 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | But it is possible though not the most frequent | Zúñiga 2006, p. 240-1 | |||
| Marrgany | yes | 335 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 238-239 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 109 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:814 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 64 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.40 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 219 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | preferred | Weir 1984:25 | |||
| Nanti | no | Non-focused, referential NPs are found before the verb when they are subjects and after the verb when they are objects, but these are uncommon. There are no examples of a transitive clause with two free referential NPs. | Michael, 2008. p. 345 | |||
| Narungga | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 224 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:417 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez: 125 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:89-90 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 236 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:57 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 181-183 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:136-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Based on examples | Rowan and Burgess 1979:32 | |||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 23 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | See examples on pgs. 251-252 | Galindo, 2002: 251-252 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 40 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 213 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | O A V | Giron 2008: 318 | |||
| Páez | no | Rojas:463 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Soto 1976:59 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin says that SOV order is "quite rigid" in transitive clauses. | Allin, 1976: 318 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 103 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 19 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | Queixalós 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:140-141 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Van der Meer (?):1 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | A subject noun phrase precedes the object so that in potentially ambiguous sentences where the subject and object cannot be distinguished by case marking nor semantic clues, they are distinguished by word order. | Strom 1992, p.114 | |||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 507 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 88 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Soares Faco 1993:97 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 109, 367-9 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 368 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:652 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 138 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 102 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no | Orr et all. 1991:20 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 217 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | h5-6 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 874 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 12 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 376 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 84 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Mejía 2000:90 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 51 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | cf K85b 63 ex11 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:254 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 54, cf 61: ex 4-39 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 63-4 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:168 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 98 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | This is the preferred interpretation, but also possible to use VSO order or interpret a sentence as VSO. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 90 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | cf 267, paragraph 2, text 75 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965:39 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 104 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518, Shauer 1978: p. 518 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 93 | 0 |
| Language |
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