Gen-Noun
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
- Possessive phrase composed of a free possessor and its possessum has possessor first (e.g. John's book)
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 5 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 81 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:545 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 75, 117 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no | for alienable possession; I've only seen this with a free N and pronominal possessor | Landaburu 1979: 160 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 449 | ||||
| Arabana | no info | x | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 149 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1983:49 | ||||
| Añun | no info | author doesn't discuss possession with a nominal | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | yes | 31 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.61 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 14 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007:125 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 53; 54 | 1 | |||
| Bilinarra | yes | 4.7.1 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:52 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Bourland 1976:57 | ||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 284 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 91 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 5 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 96; 138 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 123 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 197 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 36-37 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 291 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | The possessive marker is a prefix which attaches to the noun or noun classifier | Gildea 1993:49 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:72 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 123-4 | 1 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 260 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 335 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 56 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | yes | This order is preffered and more frequent. | Frank 1990:4 | |||
| Ingá | yes | ILV 1976:35-6 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | cf 50, (3.78), e.g. | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 293 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Based only on word order since the possessum does not take any affix | Everett 2006:303-4 | |||
| Katthang | yes | 103 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:115-6 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:251 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, iii | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 183 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 389 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 121 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 38 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 77 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:32 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988: 42 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.40 | genitive takes classifier | |||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982: 56 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no info | |||||
| Marrgany | yes | 335 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 91-92 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 89 | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:760-9 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 45, 48 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | except for 1sg possessors | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | yes | Nanti noun phrases are “right-headed,” although a genitive isn't specifically mentioned as a possible modifer in an NP. | Michael, 2008. p. 369 | |||
| Narungga | Yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 11 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 230 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:259 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | no examples with full NPs, pronoun order varies | |||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Aguirre 1999:79-80 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | yes? | d44 | 1 | |||
| Paakantyi | yes | 75 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:26 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 144 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:85-6 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Based on examples | Rowan and Burgess 1979:55 | |||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 13 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 96 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 17 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 214 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p386 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:122 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:41 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | "Limiter" corresponds to possessor, precedes noun. | Allin, 1976: 223 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 24 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 127 | ||||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4; Queixalós - 2000:49-206 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:121-125 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):1 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.131 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 562 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 20-21 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Faco Soares 1990:86; 1992:109 | ||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997: 324 | ||||
| Uradhi | Yes | 371 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:331-40 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 138 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 133 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | yes | Orr et all. 1991:21 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 222 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | L50 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 876 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 23 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 646 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Mejía 2000:90 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 32 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | FO 125, 129 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 68 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | ms13.1 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no? | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | But the possessive marker is in the head noun | Duff-Tripp 1997:29 | |||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 179 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | no | All examples of possessive noun phrases show a noun-gen pattern. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 37 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | cf text 55, line 2, p228 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 502 | 1 | |||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:65 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 57 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28, Shauer and Shauer 2000: p. 518 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 96 | 0 |
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