| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 5 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
"Limiter" corresponds to possessor, precedes noun. |
Allin, 1976: 223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 14 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 96 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28, Shauer and Shauer 2000: p. 518 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
All examples of possessive noun phrases show a noun-gen pattern. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 37 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006: 222 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 562 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
|
Facundes, 2000: 449 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1983:49 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:32 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
But the possessive marker is in the head noun |
Duff-Tripp 1997:29 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no |
|
Souza 2008:115-6 |
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007:125 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
Nanti noun phrases are “right-headed,” although a genitive isn't specifically mentioned as a possible modifer in an NP. |
Michael, 2008. p. 369 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
Based on examples |
Rowan and Burgess 1979:55 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Green and Green 1972:26 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
|
Matteson 1965:65 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
author doesn't discuss possession with a nominal |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:52 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
|
Hall 1988: 42 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982: 56 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
The possessive marker is a prefix which attaches to the noun or noun classifier |
Gildea 1993:49 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999: 13 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
This order is preffered and more frequent. |
Frank 1990:4 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no |
|
Bourland 1976:57 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
|
Quesada 2008:72 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4; Queixalós - 2000:49-206 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:545 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Aguirre 1999:79-80 |
|
Chamí |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Orr et all. 1991:21 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
ILV 1976:35-6 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:760-9 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:122 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:41 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Faco Soares 1990:86; 1992:109 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:331-40 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
|
Mejía 2000:90 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
for alienable possession; I've only seen this with a free N and pronominal possessor |
Landaburu 1979: 160 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p386 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 284 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.36 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
except for 1sg possessors |
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 5 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 91 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 183 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.40 |
|
genitive takes classifier |
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, iii |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.61 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.131 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:121-125 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1997: 324 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 179 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
Goodwin-Gomez |
|
no examples with full NPs, pronoun order varies |
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
|
Borgman 1990: 127 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
yes |
|
Van der Meer (?):1 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
yes |
Based only on word order since the possessum does not take any affix |
Everett 2006:303-4 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
yes |
|
Cruz 2011:259 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Ayala 1996:85-6 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
yes |
|
Vallejos 2010:251 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms13.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
L50 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
57 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
cf text 55, line 2, p228 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no? |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
68 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 32 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
371 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
75 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
214 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
yes? |
|
d44 |
|
|
1 |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
230 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
67 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
45, 48 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
91-92 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
77 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
121 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
389 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
cf 50, (3.78), e.g. |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
260 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
123-4 |
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
291 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
36-37 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
197 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
96; 138 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
39 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
yes |
|
53; 54 |
|
|
1 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
75, 117 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
89 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
26 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
20-21 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
103 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
144 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
11 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
38 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
42 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 125, 129 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
133 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
502 |
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
31 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
149 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
293 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 17 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
24 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
876 |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
23 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
123 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
4.7.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
81 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
65 |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
138 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
646 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
