| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no info |
|
Allin, 1976 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 13 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 156-178 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
The progressive category on nouns and reflexives on verb is manifested by changing the final vowel to /-o/, but most categories simply use suffixing. |
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 519 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: 800-801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald 2003: 255-256 |
|
pg. 255-256 dicsusses verb roots and verbal derivations, no mention of replacement |
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 270 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Tone. |
Mihas 2010 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:14-20 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:23-124 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
vowel length |
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:41,61-62 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 313 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 105 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:39-104 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99-145 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:328-57 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:8-14 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
stem change |
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
However, there is stem change to mark transitive/intrasitive for certain verbs |
Fleck:334-8 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Rojas:116 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:47-57, Perroud 1973:46-62 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
Based on examples, for instance, in page 164 demonstratives are distinguished by suprasegments |
Montes 2004 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:459-492 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p276-292 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Deza Galindo 1992: 98, 99 |
|
There are two irregular verbs mentioned on pg. 99 that might be examples of stem change. |
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
third person markings are irregular (reduction to account for vocalic ending) |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.19 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
imperative inflection involves tone change |
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
indicative/non-indicative mood involves voicing contrast on final consonant; number also involves suppletion |
Weir 1984: 40, 42 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004:86-88 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
ex. Remote past is distingueshed from recent past by position of stress |
Miller 1999, p. 70 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.15-17 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-35 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.45,101 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.21 |
|
There are very few morphophonemic changes in the language. The person prefixes display most of these changes. |
|
| Siona |
yes |
stress change, which in turn affects a stressed syllable stop |
Wheeler - 1970:162; Wheeler - 1987:89-95 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
West and Welch 2004 |
|
no evidence of this |
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
no evidence for this anywhere in the text |
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.93-99 |
|
no suppletive or stem-changed forms appear. |
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990 |
|
no evidence for this |
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Zarratea 2002:86-120 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
not likely |
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
83 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
54, 98-100 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
111 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 45-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
18, 32 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
308 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
193, 201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
126 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
315 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
386, 407 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
291-295, 254 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
69 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
1 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
77 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
97 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26, 68 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11, 42-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
118-158 |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
9, 21 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
325 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
31, 108 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
82 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
31 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
196 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
80 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 8 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
17 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
63 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
12 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
37 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
260-1 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
