Noun-Rel
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
- Relative clause follows noun that it modifies
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 143 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Maybe | 73 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:243 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 135 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | yes | Postnominal relative clauses are the most common and the most easily accepted by speakers. | Facundes, 2000: 572 | |||
| Arabana | no info | x | ||||
| Arrernte | Yes | 268 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981:1011 | ||||
| Añun | no info | author does not discuss complex structures | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | yes | 123 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.149 | There seem to be no relative clauses in Barasano just as there are no relative pronouns. | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 47 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:399 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | yes | 61 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:69-73 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 304 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 151 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 6 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 188-189 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 137 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 207 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 104 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 99 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Gildea 1989:103 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:173-5 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 366 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 336 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No info | x | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no info | x | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:5 | ||||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | yes? | 168-9 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | not sure yet | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 100-1 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 396 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | based on examples | Everett 2006:383-4 | |||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | RC can precede or follow the head noun | Vallejos 2010:585 | |||
| Kokatha | no info | x | ||||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, iv | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 389 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no info | 181 | x | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 56 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 229-234 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 533 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:42,58 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988: 53 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982: 168 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 249-51 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 336 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 240-249 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no info | x | ||||
| Matses | no | However, there are not "relative" clause strictum sensus but nominalizations | Fleck:1019 | |||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 72-73 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.95-96 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 226 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | flexible order of Rel and N positions | Weir 1984:71 | |||
| Nanti | yes | There are several types and several types of relative clauses. It looks like it is most common for relative clauses to appear postnominally, and there are some subtypes that can only appear postnominally. Internally-headed relative clauses occur, but it l | Michael, 2008. p. 402-414 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | yes | li relativizer | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 114 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 32 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 294-301 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 131 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:510 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Relative clauses are internally headed | Mortensen 1999:11 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 198 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:152-3 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:16 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | |||||
| Piapoco | yes | All examples are N-Rel. The source discusses relative clauses as a type of adjective, which follow the noun unless the noun is topicalized or the adjective is acting on a complex noun phrase. | Galindo, 2002: 241-242 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 154 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 216 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p408 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Soto 1976:152-4 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | The relative clause fills the "modifier" slot. | Allin, 1976: 368 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 111 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 129, 133 | ||||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4; Queixalós - 2000:2-26 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:117 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.151 | Relative clauses are not common. | |||
| Tariana | yes | Relative clauses can either follow or precede the head noun. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 479 | |||
| Thanggati | yes | 69-70 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 53 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Faco Soares 1992:108 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 279-285 | most common order; from examples | |||
| Uradhi | Maybe | 378-80 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | There are no relative clauses in the language | Olawsky:320 | |||
| Wajarri | Yes | 114 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 241 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | yes | Orr et all. 1991:22 | ||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006: 247 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | L51 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 72 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 58 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes? | 613 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | FO 134 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No info | x | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | ms17.1.1.i | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:342 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:206 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994 | evidenced by what few relative examples I could find | |||
| Yanyuwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 94 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 183-184 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | author does not address relative clauses | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no info | x | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | The "appositive" (which the relative clauses are identified as) follows the noun. | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28 | |||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 116 | 1 |
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