Re<Noun>l (internally headed relative)
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
- e.g. 'the dog cat chased-NMZR got away' ('the cat that the dog chased got away')
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 143 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:253-61 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no? | 135-6 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 572 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 266 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 268 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:1011 | ||||
| Añun | no info | author does not discuss complex structures | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 123 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.149 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | unclear | Aikhenvald, 1995: 47-48 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | no | 61 | 0 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:69-73 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 151 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 6 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 188-189 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 207 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 104 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 99 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | |||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:173-5 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 366 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 336 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No info | x | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no info | x | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | yes | This seems to be the most frequent strategy for relativization | Frank 1990:99-100 | |||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no | 168-9 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | not sure yet | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | no | 100-1 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 396 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:383-4 | ||||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:584 | ||||
| Kokatha | no info | x | ||||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 389 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no info | 181 | x | |||
| Kunjen | No | 56 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 533 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:42,58 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 53 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41 | The relative clause is a verb-noun embedded clause, which modifies the head noun of the noun phrase. | |||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982: 168 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 249-51 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 336 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 241-243 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no info | x | ||||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 72-73 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.95-96 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | pseudorelative clauses as well | Weir 1984:75 | |||
| Nanti | no | There are several types and several types of relative clauses. It looks like it is most common for relative clauses to appear postnominally, and there are some subtypes that can only appear postnominally. Internally-headed relative clauses occur, but it l | Michael, 2008. p. 402-414 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 114 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 296-300 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:510 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:127 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 198 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:152-3 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:16 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 175-94 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 241-242 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 154 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 216 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Soto 1976:152-4 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 368 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 129 | ||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4; Queixalós - 2000:2-26 | ||||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler 1987 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Clauses may be subordinated as internally headed relative clauses, object complements, or adverbial clauses. | Strom 1992, p.151 | |||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 479 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 69-70 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 53 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 279-285 | most common order; from examples | |||
| Uradhi | No | 378-82 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:320 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 114 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | yes | Orr et all. 1991:22 | But I am not completely sure about it. In the source it says thay a relative clause can appear without a "nuclear noun" | |||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 247 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 72 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 58 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | FO 133 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No info | x | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no info | X | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:206-17 | ||||
| Yanomami | no info | Ramirez 1994 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 94 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 183-184 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | author does not address relative clauses | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28 | ||||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 113 | 0 |
| Language |
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