Relative clause is correlative or adjoined
- Category
- Word Order
- Notes
- e.g. 'what is running, the dog chased that cat'
| Language |
Feature Status |
Grammatical Notes |
Source |
Etymology Notes |
General Notes |
Phylogenetic Code |
| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 143 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 368 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
unclear |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 47-48 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 241-242 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 28 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 94 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006: 247 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 537-538 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 572 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1981:1011 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:42,58 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:206-17 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007:397-412 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
There are correlative subtypes of each of the three types of relative clauses. |
Michael, 2008. p. 402-414 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
author does not address relative clauses |
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
author does not discuss complex structures |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:69-73 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 53 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: 168 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:130-3 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:173-5 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
Nominal prefixes on subject create the entire clause (show as one word). |
de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:4 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:253-61 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:127-30 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 249-51 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Soto 1976:152-4 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:320 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 304 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
not sure yet |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
Relative clause is marked using relative pronouns that precedes the relative clause but comes after the noun it modifies. (usually separate sentences) |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.95-96 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p.158-159 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
cubeo uses adjoined clauses but the relativized NP clause is not internal to the clause |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 152 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.149 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.151 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no info |
|
Wheeler 1987 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997: 279-285 |
|
most common order; from examples |
|
| Yanomami |
no info |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
Goodwin-Gomez |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 129 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:383-4 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:510 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:152-3 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
183-184 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
58 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
Maybe |
|
378-83 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
216 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
130 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
294-301 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
yes |
|
3 |
|
|
1 |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
Maybe |
|
72-73 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
241-243 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
336 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
533 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no info |
|
181 |
|
|
x |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
430 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
100-1 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes? |
|
168-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
366 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
113 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
99 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
104 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
207 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
188-189 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bularnu |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
266 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
no? |
|
134-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wathawurrung |
maybe |
|
82 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
69-70 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
198 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
32 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
336 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes? |
|
FO 133 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
123 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
114 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
321 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
396 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 156 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Maybe |
|
111 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Maybe |
|
73 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
53 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
113 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
