Alignment of case marking in full NPs: active-inactive
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Alignment
- Notes
- Subjects of intransitive clauses are treated two different ways: like subjects of transitives if they are more agent-like (e.g. he jumped), and like objects of transitives if they are more patient-like (e.g. he fell asleep)
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 54 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:214 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 155-160 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 471-481 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 65-6 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 121 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1983:1619, 2325 | ||||
| Añun | no | no case marking on full NPs | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 58 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | In person marking there is active-inactive alignment, but full NPs aren't case marked | Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 | |||
| Batyala | No | 200 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007:100-1 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 14 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:68 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 123, 124 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 19 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 123 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 2 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 25 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Thomas Payne 1989 | ||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 2, 4-6 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:155-9 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 110-1 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 254 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 301 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:39-59 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:7, Levinson 1974:15-7 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 57, 96-7 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | not likely according to examples | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | |||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 27 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 115 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:304-5 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | NPs are not marked for core cases | Vallejos 2010 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-91 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 217 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 390 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 28-34 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 148 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:91-101 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-26, 37 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | no core case marking on full NPs | Hall 1988:44 | Discussions of ergativity in Hall 1988: 123-128; Hall 1984 (Split-ergativity in pronominal agreement systems) is inconclusive | ||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31-33 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 301 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:854 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | not indicated/expected | Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | n/a | Michael, 2008. p. 340 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 69 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 10 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | no core NP marking | Cruz 2011 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez: 77-78 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:8, 47 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Green and Green 1972:3-9 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 137 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010, Rowan and Burgues 1979 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999:16-25, 112-8, 276-7 | ||||
| Piapoco | n/a | Galindo, 2002: 113-121 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 20 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 196 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p356 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:114-5 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:39-46 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 290-291 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 121 | ||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | no core case marking | Queixalós 2000 | |||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1987:124-133 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.112-113 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Verbs of physical states take O-marking, although Aikhenvald says that Tariana is "basicaly nominative-accusative." | Aikhenvald, 2003: 139 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 24-5 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Faco Soares 1993:92-93; Montes 2004b:55-152 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 108 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 336 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:152-4, 298-354 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no? | r8-9 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 210 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | BS152 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 885 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 40 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 157 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 73 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | n/a | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 28 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | FO 122 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | 44, ms1.7 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 1, 18-29 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | subjects and objects do not get case | Duff-Tripp 1997:35 | |||
| Yanomami | no | Lizot 1996: 51 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 13 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36-48 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 54-70 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 505 | 0 | |||
| Yine | no | no case markers | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | n/a | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 37 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 20 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 36 | 0 |
| Language |
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