Alignment of verbal person-marking: ergative-absolutive
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Alignment
- Notes
- yes, no, mixed, other
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 65 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:328-31, 361-5 | ||||
| Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | uncertain | Landaburu 1979: 156 | depends on status of pn as verbal? | ||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 481-482 | ||||
| Arabana | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 186 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Pronouns appear as verbal markings rather than free pronouns. | Payne 1983:1619, 2325, 9096 | |||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007:174-178 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:65-68 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 126 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 32 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 123 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 51-52 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 139 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Dyirbal | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | For 3 singular and plural and 1 plural inclusive | Gildea 1989:116 | |||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | N/A | 21 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Person is not cross-referenced on verbs | Quesada 2008:99-146 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 304 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 45 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | yes | However, this is highly restricted. There are few intransitive roots (mainly "experiential") which take the same person pronoun as those used for objects in transitive verbs. | Frank 1990:8-9 | |||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:13, Levinson 1974:27 | ||||
| Jaru | no? | 68-9 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 27 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | The absolutive argument is cross-referenced in the verb; the ergative is not. | Everett 2006:300 | |||
| Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | N/A | 3 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 217 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 399 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 148 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:91-101 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-23 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988:150 | Discussions of ergativity in Hall 1988: 123-128; Hall 1984 (Split-ergativity in pronominal agreement systems) is inconclusive | |||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43-46 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 83 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 114-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 301 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | n/a | 136-152 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:854 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.78-80 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 89-90 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | proclitic only used with ref to A and in nominalizations; S/O require full PN form | Weir 1984:89-91 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 343 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 73 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 43 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:133-134 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:21 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Zarratea 2002 :83-5 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:30-38 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | This seems to be the more general pattern | de Armellada 1999:16-25 | |||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 157-159 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 22 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p229 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:74-5 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Soto 1976:93-7 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 285-290 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | Queixalós 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:124-133 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):2 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.112-117 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122 | ||||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | N/A | 17 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Faco Soares 1993:93; Montes 2004:129-45; Montes 2004:165-166 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 108 | ||||
| Uradhi | N/A | 352 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:433 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 77 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 160 | ||||
| Warlpiri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | From Mansen & Captain (2000), it seems as though the gender-marking suffixes are used for S and O, while prefixes are used for A. Sometimes, the O may be understood, and the verb still gets a prefix. They note that 'the form of the verb with a personal pr | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 802 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | n/a | K85c 82-3 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no | 74-76 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 28, 76, ms11 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:361 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:78-9 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 112-114 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 91 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-62 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 51 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries