Prefixing/suffixing inflectional morph: strongly prefixing
- Category
- Morphology - General
- Notes
- There are many more prefixes than suffixes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 6 | ||||
| Aché | no | There are no prefixes in the language | Rossler 2008:69 | |||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:301 | The causative is the only prefix in the language | |||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979 | based on examples in text | |||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 270 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 61, 130 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 196 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1983:1112 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.5 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 13 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p89 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 52 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | no | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 14 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005: 58 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | no | Deza Galindo 1992: 143 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.17 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 38 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 5 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 0 | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 5 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 1 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 24, 69 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55, 246 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004:125 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | only person is prefixed | Payne 2012:152 - 153 | |||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 2, 63 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 9, 21 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:49-145 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 291-295, 254 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 46, 79 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26, 69 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:4 | ||||
| Ingá | no | variety of affixes, including infixes | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1978 | |||
| Jaru | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 1b | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:223-317 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 30, 75 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:87 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:143 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.iii | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 96 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 386, 407 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 57 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 20 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 66 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:21-35 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | person markers, tense, aspect and mood are suffixes | Hall 1988: 331 - 335 | |||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31 | only one prefix; du- 'hacer al revés' | |||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 113-115 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.108-11 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 57-58 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 77-98 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | 114 suffixes and 30 prefixes | Fleck:204 | |||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36-40 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 49. 126 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 248 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 63 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 39 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez : p.81 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:10 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | 0 | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Zarratea 2002:86-147 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:17 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 85 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 6 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193, 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p442 | ||||
| Páez | no | Rojas: 59 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:32-98, Perroud 1973:11-123 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin, 1976 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990 | inferred from examples throughout text | |||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | Queixalós 2000:575-576 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:138-174 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | The only prefixes in the language are cliticized subject pronouns and one nonhuman object pronoun. | Strom 1992, p.5 | |||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald 2003: 253 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 42 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 12 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2005:133 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004; Ramirez 1997: 107 | inferred from examples | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 308 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-492 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 37 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 4 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | Peeke 1973:39-40 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | s37 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 862 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 18, 32 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: 798-801 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 28, 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | FO 121-3 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 47, 96 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:22-124 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: p.92 | Ramirez only says that an affix is "generally a suffix", but from looking at the rest of the examples in the book, I think it's obvious that there are far more suffixes (incorporated proclitics (typically just marking agreement) are the only exceptions to | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79, 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 19 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 2 | 0 |
| Language |
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