Alignment of verbal person-marking: split

Category
Simple Clauses - Alignment
Notes
More than one of the above systems is represented in person marking, depending on e.g. person (e.g. 1/2 vs. 3), tense-aspect value, main vs. subordinate clause type, etc.

Languages

Language Feature Status Grammatical Notes Source Etymology Notes General Notes Phylogenetic Code
Cahuilla no
Cupeño no
Luiseño no
Serrano no
Kitanemuk no
Kawaiisu no
Timbisha no
Western Mono no
Chemehuevi no
Southern Paiute no
Southern Ute no
Shoshone no
Comanche no
Idaho Shoshone no
Northern Paiute no
Gabrielino no
Achagua no Wilson & Levinsohn 1992
Resígaro no Allin, 1976: 285-290
Bare no Aikhenvald, 1995: 27
Piapoco no Galindo, 2002: 157-159
Yukuna no Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42
Yavitero no Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-62
Wapishana no Santos, 2006: 160
Wayuu no Mansen & Captain, 2000: p.
Tariana no Aikhenvald, 2003: 122
Apurinã yes Facundes, 2000: 481-482
Asheninka Apurucayali yes While the two systems can mostly be used interchangeably and synonimously, there is an obligatory use of erg/abs when referring to non-terminal actions or non-specific subjects. Payne 1983:2025
Maipure yes Zamponi 2003:21-23
Yanesha' yes The subject or a relative clause does not tirgger verbal cross-referencing. Duff-Tripp 1997:72
Kinikinau no info
Baure no Danielsen 2007:174-178
Nanti no Michael, 2008. p. 343
Paresi no
Palikur no Launey 2003
Yine no info Matteson 1965
Añun no info Patte 1989
Bora no Seifart - 2005:58-73
Makiritare no Escoriaza 1959:15-18 Discussions of ergativity in Hall 1988: 123-128; Hall 1984 (Split-ergativity in pronominal agreement systems) is inconclusive
Makushi no "Macushi has an ergative case-marking system that operates in both main clauses and subordinate clauses." Abbott 1991: 83
Eñepa yes Gildea 1989:116
Pemon yes de Armellada 1999:16-25, 112-8, 276-7
Guna no Smith texts
Naso no Quesada 2000
Ika yes Frank 1985:11
Kogi no info
Cabecar no info
Guaymí no Quesada 2008:99-146
Damana yes absolutive marks both agent of intranstive clauses and patient of transitive clauses, but "agentive" is marked for agent in transitive clauses
Sikuani no Queixalós 2000
Macaguan no info Buenaventura - 1993:91-101
Aguaruna no Overall 2007:328-31, 361-5
Northern Emberá no Mortensen 1999:21 Catío
Waorani no info
Ingá yes It seems that defineness and referentiality play a roll in the alignment system. No referential or indefinite objects do not get accusative case-marking. Thus, the aligment is neutral in these instances. Levinson 1978:7
Matses no info
Mapudungun no Salas 1992, p.125; Zúñiga 2006, p. 114-9
Páez no info
Quechua Ayacuchano no Soto 1976:93-7
Tikuna no Faco Soares 1993:93; Montes 2004:129-45; Montes 2004:165-166
Urarina no info
Waunana no info
Andoke no uncertain Landaburu 1979: 156 depends on status of pn as verbal?
Puinave no info
Central Aymara no Huayhua Pari 2001: 126
Kakua no Bolaños fieldnotes
Kaingang no Silva 2011
Minica Witoto no Minor and Minor 1982. p.78-80
Hup no Epps 2008
Nadëb/Roçado dialect no Weir 1984
Dâw no Martins 2004
Desano no Miller 1999, p. 123
Cubeo no Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110
Kotiria no Stenzel 2004, p. 217
Makuna yes Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43-46 (possible/likely; but provide evidence/example)
Koreguaje no Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-99 may want to re-examine this
Barasano no Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72
Tanimuca no
Siona no Wheeler - 1987:124-133
Tukano no Ramirez 1997: 108
Yanomami yes ergative-absolutive is primary for person-marking, but if one argument is 1st or 2nd person it can exhibit hierarchical, and if both are 1st/2nd there are special forms to denote which is ergative and which is absolutive (There is only split marking in th Ramirez 1994: 112-114
Ninam no info Goodwin-gomez
Sanumá no info
Surui no Van der Meer (?):2
Karitiana yes it seems that intransitive verbs show the ergative pattern whereas transitive verbs show a neutral patter. However, transitive may take the agreement markers when taking some other morphology. Everett 2006:343-57
Nheengatu no info Cruz 2011
Paraguayan Guaraní no Zarratea 2002 :83-5
Aché no
Kokama no Vallejos 2010
Nyangumarta no 0
Jingulu no 0
Wambaya yes 1
Bunuba no 0
Walmajarri no 0
Nyulnyul no 0
Warrwa no 0
Worrorra no 28, 76, ms11 0
Garrwa n/a 0
Gooniyandi no 0
Warlpiri n/a 0
Bardi no 0
Yugambeh
Yorta Yorta no 83 0
Yir Yoront
Yindjibarndi n/a 0
Yidiny N/A 0
Yanyuwa no 91 0
Yandruwandha n/a 0
Yan-nhangu
Yalarnnga n/a 0
Woiwurrung no info x
Wirangu N/A 0
Wemba-Wemba no H 41 0
Warumungu No 27 0
Wangkumara no info X
Uradhi N/A 352 0
Paakantyi no 0
Pitta-Pitta N/A 0
Pintupi no 0
Nyungar no info x
Nhanta N/A 0
Ngiyambaa no 0
Ngayawang N/A 0
Muruwari yes 89-90 1
Mpakwithi
Mayi-Yapi N/A 0
Martuthunira n/a 136-152 0
Marrgany N/A 301 0
Kuuk Thaayorre No 148 0
Kuku Yalanji n/a 0
Kugu-Nganhcara No 399 0
Kaurna N/A 0
Kalkatungu no 27 0
Jaru no? 68-9 0
Guugu-Yimidhirr N/A 0
Gureng Gureng no info x
Gupapuyngu
Gumbaynggirr n/a 0
Gugu-Badhun n/a 0
Yuwaalaraay No 51 0
Dyirbal N/A 0
Duungidjawu n/a 0
Djinang No 139 0
Djabugay
Diyari no 0
Dharuk
Dharawal no info x
Darkinyung no 32 0
Bularnu n/a 0
Biri n/a 0
Bidjara-Gungabula n/a 0
Batyala no info x
Arabana n/a 0
Alyawarr n/a 0
Nyikina no 0
Yawuru
Ngarinyin
Yulparija No 30 0
Wathawurrung no 81 0
Mathi-Mathi no 0
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie no 45 0
Thanggati n/a 0
Katthang n/a 0
Panyjima n/a 169 0
Ngarinyeri No 43 0
Kurrama n/a 0
Yingkarta N/A 0
Githabul N/A 21 0
Gunya No 304 0
Kunjen N/A 0
WesternTorres n/a K85c 82-3 0
Wakaya no 0
Yindjilindji n/a 0
Bandjalang N/A 0
Ngaatjatjara No 55 0
Arrernte No 186 0
Kokatha N/A 3 0
Karajarri No 82 0
Pitjantjatjara No Y 22 0
Ritharrngu No 44 0
Warrgamay No 45 0
Warluwarra n/a 0
Warnman No 13 0
Djapu n/a 0
Bilinarra n/a 0
Wiradjuri no info x
Aghu-Tharnggala No 65 0
Narungga No 73 0
Tharrkari N/A 20 0
Wajarri No 77 0
Warungu n/a 0
Adnyamathanha
Yagua no unlikely Payne and Payne 1990:361
Baniwa no Ramirez 2001