Person marking (of agents) on transitive verbs
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Pronouns and person marking
- Notes
- Transitive verbs take subject (A) markers
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:73-74 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No info | 67 | x | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:328-31, 361-5 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | Landaburu 1979: 218-220 | ||||
| Apurinã | yes | If the subject or object is deleted or postverbal. | Facundes, 2000: 466-467 | |||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 182 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Agents are prefixes to the verbs, while objects are suffixes. | Payne 1983:1619, 2325, 9096 | |||
| Añun | yes | Patte 1989:46 | ||||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | The subject need not be explicit other than to be indicated by the person and number marking on the verb. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 | Transitive clauses consist of an obligatory transitive verb but do not necessarily require an explicit direct object or subject. | ||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:92-3 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 6.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:65-68 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1985:103 | ||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 126 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 46; 51 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | Yes | 136 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Thomas Payne 1989 | ||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:99 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 291 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 324 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1989:20 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1978:11-23 | ||||
| Jaru | yes? | 124 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | no person inflection | Goncalves 2011 | |||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | cf 27 (3.4) | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 227 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no | But they can do it if some further morphology is added. | Everett 2006:343-57 | |||
| Katthang | no | 63-65 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | yes | Ortiz 1994:377 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53, 89 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2007 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 399 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 92 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 216 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | yes | suffixes | Buenaventura - 1993:43-46 | |||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-26 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | agent prefixes | Hall 1988: 287 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 101 | See chart | |||
| Mapudungun | yes | Core participant verbal suffixes are fusional. So, they may convey other maenings as well. | Zúñiga 2006, p. 114-9 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 136-152 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 0 | ||||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:445 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55-60 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.78-80 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 107 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | cf. ergative alignment | Weir 1984:89-91 | |||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 267 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 43 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 10 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 121 | 0 | |||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:133-134 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.47-51 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:16, 59 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 128 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:65 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:46-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:18 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999:20-1 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 158-159 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 15; 49; 114-115 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 124 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p169, 206, 228 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:74-7 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:23-6 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No person marking, only pronominal clitics. | Allin, 1976: 105, 124, 204, 212 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | can be omitted | Borgman 1990: 29 | evidence from examples | ||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | subjects are suffixed | Queixalós 2000:575-576 | |||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:124-133 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no | Van der Meer (?):9 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Subject pronouns are usually cliticized and prefixed to the verb. | Strom 1992, p.114 | |||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122, 253-254 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Montes 2005:133-135 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004: 10; Ramirez 1997: 108, 120, 123 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 352 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:213 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no | 253-61 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 80 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | no | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Verbal prefixes mark the subject, suffixes mark object. There are examples of transitive verbs with person marking, no indication of whether person marking is less common on transitives. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 41 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | K85c 82 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | ms5.1 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:361 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 36-50 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:72 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994 | evidenced by examples throughout | |||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 106 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 62 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | prefix | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | maybe | 83 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 51 | 1 |
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