Person-marking (of objects) on transitive verbs
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Pronouns and person marking
- Notes
- Transitive verbs take object (P) markers
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | The third person has a different form | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 | |||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:315, 328-31, 361-5 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | Landaburu 1979: 218-220 | ||||
| Apurinã | yes | If the subject or object is deleted or postverbal. | Facundes, 2000: 466-467 | |||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 182 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Agents are prefixes to the verbs, while objects are suffixes. | Payne 1983:1619, 2325, 9096 | |||
| Añun | no | author does not discuss explicitly. Object seems to be free nominal | Patte 1989:79 | |||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:92-3 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 6.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:65-68 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1985:103 | ||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 127 | These are transitional suffixes that mark both subject and object on the verb | |||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 37 | 1 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | yes | 46; 52 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | Yes | 136 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | |||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:99 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 291 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 324 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 80 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 45-7 | 1 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1989:20 | ||||
| Ingá | no | except for the situation in which first person acts upon second person in which a single verbal suffix /-iki/ marks both subject and object | Levinson 1978:13 | |||
| Jaru | yes? | 124 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | no person inflection | Goncalves 2011 | |||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 227 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:343-57 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 63-65 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | yes | Ortiz 1994:394 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53, 89 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2007 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 399 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 92 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 216 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | yes | prefix, only for 1s | Buenaventura - 1993:43-46 | |||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:21-26 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | patient prefixes | Hall 1988: 287 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 101 | See chart | |||
| Mapudungun | yes | Core participant verbal suffixes are fusional. So, they may convey other maenings as well. | Zúñiga 2006, p. 114-9 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 136-152 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:445 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55-60 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 109 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 267 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 23 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 10 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | yes | 79-80, 121 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:133-134 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | 1st and 2nd person have special object forms | Goodwin-Gomez: 47 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:16, 59 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 128 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | yes | person suffixes | Launey 2003:68 | |||
| Panyjima | no | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:46-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | It only occurs with third person objects | Brandão 2010:24 | |||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999:20-1 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 162 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 15; 49; 114-115 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 124 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p169, 206, 228 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:74-91 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:23-6 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No person marking, only pronominal clitics. | Allin, 1976: 105, 124, 204, 212 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | can be omitted | Borgman 1990: 29 | evidence from examples | ||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | objects are prefixed | Queixalós 2000:575-576 | |||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:124-133 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):9 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | It is also common to have just the object pronoun prefixed to the verb when the subject is a full noun phrase. | Strom 1992, p.116 | It appears you can have both subj and object marked on verb (just not at the same time) | ||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122, 253-254 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | But this is restricted to sentences in which the full object NP occurs after the verb. Further, the object marker does not agree in person or number with the full object NP; it just says that the verb has an object | Montes 2004b:84-85 | |||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004: 10; Ramirez 1997: 108, 120, 123 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 352 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | But only for human 3p plural objects | Olawsky:468 | |||
| Wajarri | Yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | s148-9 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no | 253-61 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 82 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Verbal suffixes mark objects. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 41 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | K85c 82 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 75 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | ms5.1 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:361 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 36-50 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:75 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994 | evidenced by examples throughout | |||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 106 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 62 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Feminine, masculine, and plural affixes on transitive verbs, but these seem to be coreferent with subjects, not objects. | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 41-42 | |||
| Yulparija | Yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 51 | 0 |
| Language |
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