Prefixing/suffixing inflectional morph: strongly suffixing
- Category
- Morphology - General
- Notes
- There are many more suffixes than prefixes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 6 | ||||
| Aché | yes | But this language has few morphology. The author says that this is a a sort of isolating language. | Rossler 2008:68 | |||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 48 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:301 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 1 | ||||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979 | based on examples in text | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 270 | ||||
| Arabana | yes | 61, 130 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 196 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1983:1112 | ||||
| Añun | yes | very few prefixes: person and atributive | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | yes | 82 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Affixation in Barasano consists of suffixes only. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.5 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 13 | ||||
| Batyala | Yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p89 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 52 | 1 | |||
| Bilinarra | yes | 1.1000000000000000888 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005: 58 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Deza Galindo 1992: 143 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | All verbal affixes in Cubeo are suffixes, except two prefixes. | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 17 | The two exceptions are the directional xa- 'away from the speaker' and da- 'toward the speaker' | ||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 38 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | suffixes exclusively | Miller 1999, p. 5 | |||
| Dharawal | yes | 1 | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 1 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 24, 69 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 55, 246 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004:125 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:152 - 153 | ||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | yes | 2, 63 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 9, 21 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:49-145 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 1 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 291-295, 254 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | causative is the only prefix | |||
| Gunya | yes | 314 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 46, 79 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26, 69 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:4 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1978 | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 1b | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 80 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:223-317 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 30, 75 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Souza 2008:87 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:143 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.iii | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 96 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 386, 407 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 57, 60 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 20 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 66 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-35 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | person markers, tense, aspect and mood are suffixes | Hall 1988: 331 - 335 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 113-115 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Salas 1992, p.108-11 | at least this is true for verbs | |||
| Marrgany | yes | 314 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 57-58 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 77-98 | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:204 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36-40 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 49, 126 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 248 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez : p.81 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | There are only suffiixes in northern Embera | Mortensen 1999:10 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | yes | 1 | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:161 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 1 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Zarratea 2002:86-147 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:17 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | tense, aspect, relative clause, some modals | de Armellada 1999:105-134 | |||
| Piapoco | yes | Person marking/possession seems to be the only prefixes, but there are many suffixes. | Galindo, 2002: 85 | |||
| Pintupi | yes | 15 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 6 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 193, 201 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p442 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Rojas: 59 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:32-98, Perroud 1973:11-123 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990 | inferred from examples throughout text | |||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:219-237 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:138-174 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Affixation is done overwhelmingly by suffix. | Strom 1992, p.5 | The person marker prefixes are the only prefixes of the language. | ||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald 2003: 253 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 12 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Montes 2005:133 | ||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004; Ramirez 1997: 107 | inferred from examples | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 308 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:459-492 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 37 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 97 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | yes | Peeke 1973:39-40 | ||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006:23 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | s37 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 862 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 11 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 17 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 18, 32 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: 798-801 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 28, 41 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | FO 121-3 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 47, 96 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | no? | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:22-124 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: p.92 | Ramirez only says that an affix is "generally a suffix", but from looking at the rest of the examples in the book, I think it's obvious that there are far more suffixes (incorporated proclitics (typically just marking agreement) are the only exceptions to | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 79, 83 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 19 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 2 | 1 |
| Language |
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