Possessive affixes/clitics on nouns are same as verbal person markers
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Pronouns and person marking
- Notes
- Where nouns take possessive affixes, these are the same as the person-marking affixes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 27 | ||||
| Aché | no | However, the possessive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns | Rossler 2008:75-6 | |||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | N/A | 67 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:261, 361 | ||||
| Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | for inalienable possession, anyway | Landaburu 1979: p.132-134 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | The same as subject markers | Facundes, 2000: 141-145 | |||
| Arabana | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 187 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | same as S/A affixes | Mihas 2010:169 | |||
| Añun | yes | Patte 1989:46 | ||||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Baniwa | yes | A=Sa forms | Ramirez 2001 | |||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.111 | Numerous possessive markings. | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:92-5 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:52 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Nouns take the genitive suffix /-tʃa/ | Bourland 1976:57 | |||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 125, 250 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 82 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p.48-49 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 48; 52-53 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | Yes | 136 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Dyirbal | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Dâw | no | Genitive marker | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | yes | Thomas Payne 1995:297 | ||||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | N/A | 15 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | There are not person markers on verbs | Quesada 2008:99-146 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | yes | The set of verbal object pronouns is used instead of the verbal subject pronouns | Frank 1989:22 | |||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | N/A | 302 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:300 | ||||
| Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | N/A | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Couto 2005:49 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | only because Kokama has one set of pronouns that can have different functions | ||||
| Kokatha | N/A | 3 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.45 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 194 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | N/A | 215 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-26 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | some prefixes are shared (1st and 2nd sing.) The rest are different | Escoriaza 1959:11-15 | |||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.40 | possession is determined by word order or genitive 'ja' (which takes the same person-marking affixes) | |||
| Makushi | no | There are two other third person pronouns that occur only as free forms and their only syntactic function is to show possession. | Abbott 1991: 100 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 96-7, 104-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Martuthunira | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:252-4, 445 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.42, 90-93 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 112 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 267, 299 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 74 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | no possessive affixes/clitics | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 56 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | yes | 81 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no info | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | but they are very similar | Goodwin-Gomez: 47 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Since person is not marked on the verb | Mortensen 1999:59 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 127 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:68 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:28-9, 46-7, 85-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | The set of personal pronouns may function as well as possessive and verbal agreement affixes. | Brandão 2010:14-5 | |||
| Pemon | yes | Possessive affixes are the same as the absolutive verbal affixes | de Armellada 1999:18 | |||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 99, 158-159 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 125 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p169, 206, 228 | ||||
| Páez | no | The possessive is marked with the benefactive suffix plus the appropiate person/mood portmanteau suffix | Jung:74, 122 | |||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:23 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No person marking, only pronominal clitics, which do have both possessive and person-tracking functions. | Allin, 1976: 176-179 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 24, 44 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 126 | ||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | different prefixes for possession | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:20; Queixalós - 2000:2-26 | |||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:124-141 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):7, 11 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.129-131 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122 | ||||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | N/A | 26 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Some of them are not completely identical but very similar | Montes 2004:166-167 | |||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | possession is Pn N, not bound | West and Welch 2004: 28 | |||
| Uradhi | N/A | 352 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:331-50, 489 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 77 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 153 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | N/A | 23 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | N/A | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 76, 78 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 33, 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no | 71, 74 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 90 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Set I clitics mark possession | Payne and Payne 1990 | |||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 36-50 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | This is true only for first and second person | Duff-Tripp 1997:72 | |||
| Yanomami | no | there are only possessive suffixes for 1st and 2nd person | Ramirez 1994 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 107 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: 41, 60 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:94 | ||||
| Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | n/a | 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer 2000: 297,299 | ||||
| Yulparija | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 51 | 0 |
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