Gender distinguished in verbal person markers
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Pronouns and person marking
- Notes
- For any person, verbal person markers exhibit different forms depending on the gender (masc/fem, animate/inanimate, etc.) of the referent
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 27 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 67 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:361 | ||||
| Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | different person marking forms for 3rd person subjects (and objects?) of different classes | Landaburu 1979: 212-215 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Third person singular disitnguishes masculine and feminine | Facundes, 2000: 141-145 | |||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 182 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | The distinction is mostly apparent in 3rd person markings. | Payne 1981:13, 2234 | |||
| Añun | yes | Patte 1989:52 | ||||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Baniwa | yes | 3rd person only | Ramirez 2001 | |||
| Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991,p.108-109 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Only for third person | Danielsen 2007:92-6 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | yes | When necessary/desirable to distinguish gender, the affix is a classifier that accomplishes it. These classifiers are essentially verbal person markers. | Seifart - 2005:52-55 | |||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 125 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.15 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 32 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 139 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Dyirbal | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | gender is not a relevant grammatical category | Payne 2012 | |||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | There are not person markers on verbs | Quesada 2008:99-146 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 304 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:67-71 | ||||
| Ingá | no | |||||
| Jaru | no | 68-71 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 36 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 227 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:343-57 | ||||
| Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | N/A | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | |||||
| Kokatha | N/A | 3 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | gender is neutralized in the third person | Stenzel 2004, p. 213 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 399 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 215 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Apparent in 3rd person forms. | Zamponi 2003:21-26 | |||
| Makiritare | no | Escoriaza 1959:15-18 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 101 | See chart | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 104-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Martuthunira | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:445 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.15 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Third-person subject and object markers distinguish masculine and non-masculine. | Michael, 2008. p. 267 | |||
| Narungga | No | 74 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 43 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:133-134 | ||||
| Ninam | no | animate/inanimate distinction made in 3rd person forms | Goodwin-Gomez: 47 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:16, 59 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 128 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:68 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 169 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:28-9, 46-7 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Rowan and Burgues 1979 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999:16-25 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Third-person singular distinguishes masculine and feminine. | Galindo, 2002: 158-159 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 22 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p169 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:74-91 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:23 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No person marking, only pronominal clitics. | Allin, 1976: 105, 124, 204, 212 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Gender of 3rd person has different forms. Animate/inanimate have unique markers. | Wheeler - 1987:124-133 | |||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no | Van der Meer (?):9 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | 3rd person only | Strom 1992,p.36 | |||
| Tariana | yes | In third-person pronouns and cross-referencing prefixes. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122 | |||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | N/A | 16 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | However, gender is distinguished in third person singular verbal person marker | Montes 2004b:122 | |||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004: 10; Ramirez 1997: 108, 120, 123 | ||||
| Uradhi | N/A | 352 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:489 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 77 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 153 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | 3rd singular. | Santos 2006 | |||
| Warlpiri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | N/A | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 28-29 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 78 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Only for the non-first person markers | Mejía 2000:90 | |||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 28-30, 84-6 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | no gender distinction in the language | Payne and Payne 1990 | |||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 36-50 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:71-87 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | but 'less-animate' animals or inanimates will more commonly be marked with a noun classifier instead of the 3rd person marker (used for humans and higher animates like tapirs, dogs, jaguars, etc.) | Ramirez 1994 | |||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 123 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | In third-person singular, masculine and feminine are distinguished. | Mosonyi, 1987: 41, 60 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | Wise 1986:588 | ||||
| Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 73 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: 524, Shauer 1978: p. 42 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 51 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries