Ditransitive constructions: double object
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Valence and voice
- Notes
- In ditransitives (e.g. 'John gives Bill a book'), both the theme (book) and the recipient/beneficiary (Bill) is treated in the same way as are objects of transitives
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:456-7 | Both objects receive accusaitve case | |||
| Alyawarr | no | 73, 80, 125-6 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 287 | ||||
| Arabana | no info | x | ||||
| Arrernte | Yes | 125 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:3436 | ||||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 60 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.67 | Causative forms of transitive verbs have two objects, both marked with -re | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 26 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | However, it seems that this is a "double object" language since it seems that no formal difference distinguishes the objects of a ditransitive verb | Danielsen 2007:331-6 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no | 49 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:65 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 94 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 291 to 293 | The indirect object always seems to have the directional suffix ru attached to it, which is possible for both direct and indirect objects. | |||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | the IO is obligatorily marked, but DO is not all the time | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | |||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | maybe | 25 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 68 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 98 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 29-30 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 300 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | the benefactive gets the 'affected' marker, however, the affected marker can be on either the direct object or the indirect object, depending on the degree of 'affectancy' of the argument. | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | no | only the theme is treated as the object of transtives | Payne 2012 | |||
| Gabrielino | yes | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | Maybe | 13 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:49-96, 155-66 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 259 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | in rare cases, an indirect object may be unmarked for case | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | yes | 324 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1989:20 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Both direct and indirect object receive /-ta/ if they are specific. | Levinson 1974:16 | |||
| Jaru | no | 144-5 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 27, 41 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 118 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:304-8 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 38, 75 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | recipient is marked by a dative enclitic | Vallejos 2010:524 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.69-72 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 226 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 405 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 134 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 190, 6.40 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 177 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:33-35 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988:81 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982:166-169 | Can't find any examples of or writing about ditransitive clauses | |||
| Mapudungun | no info | |||||
| Marrgany | yes | 315 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 230-231 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 79 | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:866 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 44 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.39 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 64 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Normally, only one object is marked on the verb. There's no discussion of whether it's normally the theme or recipient. However, in cases of “pragmatic obliques,” the theme/patient gets the marker '=ni,' while the pragmatic oblique gets that regular third | Michael, 2008. p. 267 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 131-132 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 87 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:421 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | |||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:17 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 137-138 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | |||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 209-210 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 61 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | yes | the direct object can get dative case, too | Jung:118 | |||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:26-7 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 294 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 37 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 32 | ||||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | both are prefixed to verb | Queixalós 2000:576 | |||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1970:49 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Ditransitive verbs take two objects. | Strom 1992, p.118 | The roles of the object noun phrases are semantically interpreted, not grammatically marked. | ||
| Tariana | yes | Both the theme (gift) and recipient receive accusative case marking. However, Aikhenvald does note that only the theme can be the target of a passive operation. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 236 | |||
| Thanggati | yes | 24 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:105 | ||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 108 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 346 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:386 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 42 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | s339 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no info | 867 | x | |||
| Warnman | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 76 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 20 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 328-9, 333 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 72 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Mejía 2000:89 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | no? | FO 133 7.5.3.3, second example (also cf 134 7.5.3.3, last example and 7.5.1?) | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 50 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 76 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 19: cf ex3-7 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 195-6 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no info | Duff-Tripp | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | evidenced by examples | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 17 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 53 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | not done yet | X | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | cf text 34, sentence 3 (215); cf 174, sentence 1 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | maybe | 79 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 524 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 21 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 59 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries