| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 294 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 26 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 209-210 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 524 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 53 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Both the theme (gift) and recipient receive accusative case marking. However, Aikhenvald does note that only the theme can be the target of a passive operation. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 236 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 287 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1981:3436 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:33-35 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
|
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
However, it seems that this is a "double object" language since it seems that no formal difference distinguishes the objects of a ditransitive verb |
Danielsen 2007:331-6 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Normally, only one object is marked on the verb. There's no discussion of whether it's normally the theme or recipient. However, in cases of “pragmatic obliques,” the theme/patient gets the marker '=ni,' while the pragmatic oblique gets that regular third |
Michael, 2008. p. 267 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:65 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988:81 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982:166-169 |
|
Can't find any examples of or writing about ditransitive clauses |
|
| Eñepa |
no |
only the theme is treated as the object of transtives |
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
in rare cases, an indirect object may be unmarked for case |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1989:20 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:49-96, 155-66 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
both are prefixed to verb |
Queixalós 2000:576 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:456-7 |
|
Both objects receive accusaitve case |
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:17 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
Both direct and indirect object receive /-ta/ if they are specific. |
Levinson 1974:16 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:866 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
the direct object can get dative case, too |
Jung:118 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:26-7 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:105 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:386 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no |
|
Mejía 2000:89 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 291 to 293 |
|
The indirect object always seems to have the directional suffix ru attached to it, which is possible for both direct and indirect objects. |
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.39 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
the benefactive gets the 'affected' marker, however, the affected marker can be on either the direct object or the indirect object, depending on the degree of 'affectancy' of the argument. |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 125 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
the IO is obligatorily marked, but DO is not all the time |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 226 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.69-72 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.67 |
|
Causative forms of transitive verbs have two objects, both marked with -re |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
Ditransitive verbs take two objects. |
Strom 1992, p.118 |
|
The roles of the object noun phrases are semantically interpreted, not grammatically marked. |
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1970:49 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997: 108 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
evidenced by examples |
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 32 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:304-8 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:421 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
recipient is marked by a dative enclitic |
Vallejos 2010:524 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
97 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
97 |
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
s339 |
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
maybe |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
cf text 34, sentence 3 (215); cf 174, sentence 1 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
not done yet |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
17 |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
195-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
19: cf ex3-7 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
76 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
50 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
346 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
193 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
87 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
131-132 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
64 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
230-231 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
315 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
177 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
134 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
405 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
27, 41 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
144-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
259 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
300 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
29-30 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
68 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
maybe |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
94 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no |
|
49 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
73, 80, 125-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
21 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
42 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
24 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
38, 75 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
137-138 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
190, 6.40 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
Maybe |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
324 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
32 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no? |
|
FO 133 7.5.3.3, second example (also cf 134 7.5.3.3, last example and 7.5.1?) |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
60 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
125 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
118 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 61 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
37 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
867 |
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
98 |
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
57 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
45 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
328-9, 333 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
