Applicative: benefactive
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Valence and voice - Increasing
- Notes
- Applicative adds a beneficiary/maleficiary object argument to the verb
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 83 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:306 | The varinats are lexically conditioned | |||
| Alyawarr | no info | X | ||||
| Andoke | no info | pronominal suffix might actually be verbal prefix if pronoun turns out to be a proclitic | Landaburu 1979: 196 | |||
| Apurinã | no | The only valence-increasing morpheme is a causative. | Facundes, 2000: 505-509 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 148-52 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1982:56 | ||||
| Añun | no info | no info on valence | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | -re marks the benefactee/malfactee of a verb to which -bosa (benefactive) has been suffixed. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.68 | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | n/a | No applicative | Aikhenvald, 1995: 35 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p218 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no info | Seifart - 2005 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 166 | My source does not acctually use the word applicative | |||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | benefactive suffix is added to the verb follwed by the causitive suffix and aspect suffix | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 58 | |||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | yes | mba- | ||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 117 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 74; 77-78 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 124 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 86-7 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 246 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | |||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | |||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 305-307 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 339 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 118 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 87 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | It also encodes malefactive meaning | Frank ?:24 | |||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1978:22 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 195 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | |||||
| Katthang | no | 83-90 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:380 | ||||
| Kokatha | no info | x | ||||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.72 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | dependent verb root that compounds with the benefactive marker | Stenzel 2004, p. 239 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 405 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No info | x | ||||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 402-5 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003 | ||||
| Makiritare | no info | Escoriaza 1959 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982:81 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 123-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 339 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 77, 99-101 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:900 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No info | x | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no info | Minor and Minor 1982. p.37 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 285-289 | ||||
| Narungga | Maybe | 79 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | |||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | |||||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:18 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | |||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 252-262 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 230 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 205 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:108 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:79 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No applicative is discussed as part of the verb stem. | Allin, 1976: 105 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 61 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:122 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:127-130 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.65 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 258 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 52-60 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 31 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | yes | suffix: -bosa/basa | Ramirez 1997: 184-5 | |||
| Uradhi | No | 376 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:622-9 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 108 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Not a dedicated morpheme. Also used for designating recipient and dative. | Santos 2006 | |||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 890 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 79 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No info | x | ||||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 47-50 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 103-4 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 178-9 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | It is a verbal suffix | Duff-Tripp 1997:79 | |||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 66-69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no info | x | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521 | ||||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 85 | 1 |
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