Causative: prefix
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Valence and voice - Increasing
- Notes
- Causative is morphological and is attached before the root of the verb
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992:94 | ||||
| Aché | yes | Susnik 1974:38-39 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 83 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:302-3 | unpredictable prefixed vowel | |||
| Alyawarr | no | 57 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 203-204 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 310 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 146-8 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:41; Payne 1983:11 | ||||
| Añun | no info | no info on valence | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.101 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 35 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | i(mo)- | Danielsen 2007: p218 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | no | 40 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:59 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 168 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 57 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 114 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 61 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 75-6 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 122 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 86-7 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 91 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | The causative morpheme is a verb-root itself but it is considered a dependent verb that functions as a support to other verbs. The causative verb precedes the main verb of the construction. | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | no | |||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:183 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 306 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 118 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 84-88 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:66 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:12 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Authors do not discuss causatives | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | |||
| Kakua | no info | I'm not sure about this yet, but this far I think that the 'verbalizer' marker on the noun, when appearing in the verbal construction it indecates causative. | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | no | 87 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 195 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:440 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 86 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no | Stendal 1976:16 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:373 | ||||
| Kokatha | no info | x | ||||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.70 | causatives appears to be lexical | |||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 207 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 412-4 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 97 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No info | x | ||||
| Kurrama | no | 153 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 402-5 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:43 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 127 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 40-41 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 123-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 319 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 99-101 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:887 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No info | x | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.55 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 129-37 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | There are four causative prefixes. | Michael, 2008. p. 279 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 59 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 163 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:287 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez: 101 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:62 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 188-189 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | For intransitive verbs | Ayala 1996:233-6 | |||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:32-37 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999:262 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 161-163, 253 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 224 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 205 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Girón:222, 360 | ||||
| Páez | yes | The causative prefix obligatorily appears with the transitivizer suffix. | Jung:103 | |||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:74 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 106 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 61 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 47-51 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:43; Queixaós - 2000:122-126 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:145-147 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.92 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 268 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 55-6 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 37 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 271 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 376 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-60 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 108 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 38 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no | 956 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 77 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No info | x | ||||
| Warungu | no | 391 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 89-90 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Mejía 2000:90 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 47-50 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 98-9 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 1, 47-9 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 181-5 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:97 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 245-248 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 68 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 89 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965:78 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no info | x | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 84 | 0 |
| Language |
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