Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992:94 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 83 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:302-4 | ||||
Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 203-204 | ||||
Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 310 | ||||
Arabana | yes | 146 | 1 | |||
Arrernte | No | 193 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:41; Payne 1983:11 | ||||
Añun | no info | no info on valence | Patte 1989 | |||
Bandjalang | No | 86 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.101 | Barasano also has lexical causative verbs derived historically from morphological causatives. | |||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 35 | ||||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | no | Danielsen 2007:250-2 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
Biri | no | 40 | 0 | |||
Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:59 | ||||
Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
Cabecar | no info | |||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 165 to 168 | ||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 57 | ||||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no | |||||
Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
Desano | yes | the second syllable or final vowel is replaced with bo/bõ/b˜u or o/u | Miller 1999, p. 114 | |||
Dharawal | no | 61 | 0 | |||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 75-6 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 122 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 86-7 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 91 | 0 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | no | |||||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
Githabul | No | 23 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:183 | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 306 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | No | 329 | 0 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 118 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 84 | 0 | |||
Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | yes | There´s verbal stem change as a strategy for forming causative. However, what the author refers here as causative may be described as jussive "let hm go in"m for instance. | Frank 1990:66 | |||
Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:12 | ||||
Jaru | no info | x | ||||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no | 87 | 0 | |||
Karajarri | No | 195 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:440 | ||||
Katthang | no | 86 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No | 15 | 0 | |||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:373 | ||||
Kokatha | no info | x | ||||
Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.70 | ||||
Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 207 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 412-4 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 97 | 0 | |||
Kunjen | No info | x | ||||
Kurrama | no | 153 | 0 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 402-5 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:43 | ||||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 129 | ||||
Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.64 | ||||
Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 40-41 | ||||
Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.186 | ||||
Marrgany | No | 319 | 0 | |||
Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 99-101 | 0 | |||
Matses | no | Fleck:887 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | No info | x | ||||
Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.101 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | some verbs have causative stem changes | Weir 1984 | |||
Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 279 | ||||
Narungga | No info | x | ||||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 71 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | No | 59 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No | 14 | 0 | |||
Ngiyambaa | no | 163-166 | 0 | |||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:287 | ||||
Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez: 101 | no evidence for this | |||
Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:62 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | yes | 185 | 1 | |||
Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | no | 188-189 | 0 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:233-51 | ||||
Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:33 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999:262 | ||||
Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 161-163, 253 | ||||
Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | G 224 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 205 | 0 | |||
Puinave | no | Girón:222, 360 | ||||
Páez | no | Jung:103 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:74 | ||||
Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 106 | ||||
Ritharrngu | No | 61 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 47-53 | ||||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.2) - 1985:43; Queixaós - 2000:122-126 | ||||
Siona | yes | Stem change. | Wheeler - 1987:145-147 | |||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | no | There are evidences of a variety of past processes of causative formation that are no longer productive. | Strom 1992, p.92 | |||
Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 268 | ||||
Thanggati | no | 55-6 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 37 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no info | |||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 271 | ||||
Uradhi | No | 376 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no | Olawsky:459-60, 609 | ||||
Wajarri | No | 108 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | no | 38 | 0 | |||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 956 | 0 | |||
Warnman | No | 44 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 77 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
Warumungu | No info | x | ||||
Warungu | no | 391 | 0 | |||
Wathawurrung | no | 89-90 | 0 | |||
Waunana | no | Mejía 2000:90 | ||||
Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | ||||
Wemba-Wemba | no | H 47-50 | 0 | |||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | yes | 98-9 | 1 | |||
Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
Worrorra | no | 11 | 0 | |||
Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no | 47-9 | 0 | |||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no | 181-5 | 0 | |||
Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:97 | ||||
Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 245-248 | ||||
Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 68 | ||||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 89 | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | no info | x | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521 | ||||
Yulparija | No | 47 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | No | 84 | 0 |
Language |
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