Glottalized/ejective consonants
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
- Phonemic contrast [NOT counting glottal stop/fricative]
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 14 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:39, 57 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 25 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:20 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 17-20 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979, p.27 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 71 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 26 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 67 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1980 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 8 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001:31 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.16 | Some sentences may optionally occur with a final glottal stop but this phenomenon is regarded as outside of segmental phonology. | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 5 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p39-49 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 2.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:33 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 2 | 0 | |||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1982:34 | ||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Gomez 1992: 15 to 18 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 2-6 | ||||
| Cupeño | no | |||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 10, 12 | The glottal fricative /h/ and the glottal stop /ʔ/ occur only intervocalically. They are followed by the echo of the vowel that precedes them. | |||
| Dharawal | no | 0 | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 13 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 1 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 18 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 270-1 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004:16 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | no glottalized consonant as secondary articulation | Payne 2012 | |||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:30 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | xix | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith | ||||
| Gunya | No | 283 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no | 0 | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 36 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 16 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:10 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:1 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Texeira 1988:4 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 5b | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:13 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 17 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 1 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:59 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:93-103 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993: 2-3 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2007 IJAL | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 374 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 26 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no | glottalized stop is separate phoneme | Buenaventura - 1993:30 | |||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:14 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 214 | ||||
| Makuna | no | no info/not expected | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p. 24 | |||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 140-148 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 283 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 25 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 58 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:72 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 21 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p. 3 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | unclear | Barbosa 2005 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 221 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 31 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 15 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:34 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | In Southern Embera there are not aspirated and glottalized stops (Aguirre 1999:16-7) | Mortensen 1999:5 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | d30-1 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:51 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 131 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:21 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:10 | ||||
| Pemon | no | Pessoa 2005 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 55 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 36 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 187 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p22 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung 2000:140-3 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976, p. 58 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Consonants consist of two series of stops; fortis (aspirated) and lenis (glottalized) W70. | Wheeler - 1970:19 | |||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:17 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.12 | Neither consonant clusters nor closed syllables are permitted except that a glottal stop may occur following any vowel. | |||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald 2003: 26 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 4-5 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2000:291 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 315-6 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:30 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 7 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | Saint and Pike 1962:5-15 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Some consonants have "traces" of ejection or glottalization, but not enough for phonemic contrast. | Santos, 2006: 32 | |||
| Warlpiri | no | n66 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 10 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 66 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | yes | glottalized stops | Loewen 1954:7 | |||
| Wayuu | no | Only /ʔ/ and /h/. | Alvarez, 1985: p. 35 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 4 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | no | |||||
| WesternTorres | no | K81 104-5 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no | 10, 11 | 0 | |||
| Wirangu | No | 26 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 59 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 2-3 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990: | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 6,7 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Fast 1953:191-4 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 2 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987), p. 26 | ||||
| Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 500 | 0 | |||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 41 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p.12 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 15 | 0 |
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