Clausal negator is a preposed element
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Negation
- Notes
- Clausal negator is a preposed element
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 131 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 83 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:324-6, 481-2 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no? | 56 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | yes | The negation particle kona is either clause initial, or follows first element of the sentence. | Facundes, 2000: 531-533 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 236-41 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 175 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981:1011 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989:100 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 139 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.125 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:338 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 48 | 1 | |||
| Bilinarra | yes? | 7.4 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:72 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 99 | 0 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | yes | Bourland 1976:85 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 277 | I answered this question and the one that follows it as yes because negation involves a both a free morpheme that comes before the verb and a suffix that attaches to it | |||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 30 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | Williams 1993:90-93 | ||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 46, 54-5 | 1 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p.135 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | 65 | x | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 170 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 141, 144 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 146 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 110-111 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 117-8 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012:353-362 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | yes | 36-7, 47-8 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:63 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 155 | 1 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 334-5 | 1 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 343 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 151 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 97-98 | 1 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:6 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1974:39-40 | ||||
| Jaru | yes? | 204 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 98-9 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 348 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | It only occurs when the verb ends i a consonant | Everett 2006:328-9 | |||
| Katthang | no | 90 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 59 wordlist | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Based on examples | Couto 2005:56, Souza 2008:96-9 | |||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no | Stendal 1976.16 | ||||
| Kokama | yes | immediately precedes constituent | Vallejos 2010:531 | |||
| Kokatha | Yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.61-62 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 158 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 436 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 197 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 102 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 174-175 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 124 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura - 1993:48 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:38 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988: 345 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.60 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 55 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | |||||
| Marrgany | yes | 343 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 178-179 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 103 | 1 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:1063 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 68 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.72 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 196 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Weir 1984:136 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Clausal negators are preposed, but show up to the left of the focus position (they are the first element), and to the right of the topic position (they are the second element). | Michael, 2008. p. 379-380 | |||
| Narungga | Yes | 57 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 98 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 239 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | proclitic | Cruz 2011:406 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.102 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:98-102 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 228 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:42 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | cf 138:(9) | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | The negation marker is a kind of clitic whic resemples a circunfix which the /nda-/ part coming before the negated element and the /-i/ coming after the negated element. | Ayala 1996:42-3 | |||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:51-2 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 237, 238 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 204 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | 78; 198 | x | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 244 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 205 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p293 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:193-6 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:22 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | The example given has a preposed negator. | Allin, 1976: 302-303 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 82 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:67; Queixalós - 2000:14, 25 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:151 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.145 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 400 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 78 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:75, 93 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 151 | ||||
| Uradhi | Yes | 381 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:552-5 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 132 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 109 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | yes | Orr et all. 1991:25-36 | In this case, it is a clitic which appears before the constituent which it negates: in the case of a clause, it appears sentence-initially. | |||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | n237-8 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 874 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 54 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 82 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 57 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 295 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | maybe | 74, 81 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | no | Sánchez and Castro 1977:66 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 804 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 56 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 141-2 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 75, 77 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 64 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:317 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 57 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 70 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:179-81 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 313-314 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 135 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | The negation marker is a particle that appears immediately before the verb, so it would normally be the first thing in the clause. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 156-158 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 504 | 1 | |||
| Yine | no info | no discussion of negation | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 95-6 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Proclitic form | Shauer and Shauer 1978: p. 18, 36-37 | |||
| Yulparija | Yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 107 | 1 |
| Language |
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