Clausal negator is a postposed element
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Negation
- Notes
- Clausal negator is a postposed element
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 131 | ||||
| Aché | yes | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 83 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:324-6, 481-2 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 56 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 531-533 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 236-41 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 175 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:1011 | ||||
| Añun | yes | Patte 1989:100 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 139 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | The suffix -beti is used to express standard negation. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.125 | A shortened form, -be, occurs also. | ||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007:338 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 48 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | no info | x | ||||
| Biri | no | 56-7 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:72 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 99 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Bourland 1976:85 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 277 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 30 | To form a negative, the suffix -bE is attached to the verb following any derivational suffixes and the desiderative suffix, but preceding all other suffixes. | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | Williams 1993:90 | ||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 46, 54-5 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p.135 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 141, 144 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 146 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 110-111 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 117-8 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2005: 326, example 660 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:353-362 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no? | 36-7, 47-8 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:63 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 155 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 334-5 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | marked on the verb | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | No | 343 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 151 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 97-98 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:6 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1974:39-40 | ||||
| Jaru | no? | 204 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 98-9 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 348 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:328-9 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 90 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 59 wordlist | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:96-9 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | yes | Stendal 1976.16 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:531 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 36 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.61-62 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 158 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 436 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 197 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 102 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 174-175 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 124 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:48 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:38 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 345 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.60 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 55 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | These are verbal suffixes | Zúñiga 2006, 110 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 343 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 178-179 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 103 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:1063 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 68 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Clausal negator is suffixed to the verb (-ñe) and followed by the impersonal suffix -na. | Minor and Minor 1982. p.72 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 196 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 379-380 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Naso | yes | clause final | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 98 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 239 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.102 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:98-102 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 228 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:42 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:42-3 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:51-8 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 237, 238 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 204 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | 78 | x | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 244 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 205 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p293 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:193 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:22 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 302-303 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 101 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 82 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:67; Queixalós - 2000:14, 25 | ||||
| Siona | yes | suffix | Wheeler - 1987:151 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.145 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 400 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 78 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Montes 2004b:75 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | suffix | Ramirez 1997: 151 | |||
| Uradhi | No | 381 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:552-5 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 132 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 109 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 39 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | yes | Orr et all. 1991:25-36 | In this case, it is a verbal suffix. | |||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n237-8 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 874 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 54 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 295 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Sánchez and Castro 1977:66 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 804 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 56 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 141-2 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 75, 77 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 64 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 57 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 70 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | The word ama "not" is together with the verbal negation suffix | Duff-Tripp 1997:179 | |||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 313-314 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 135 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 156-158 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 504 | 0 | |||
| Yine | no info | no discussion of negation | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 95-6 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Enclitic form | Shauer and Shauer 1978: p. 18 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 107 | 0 |
| Language |
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