Negatives: double
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Negation
- Notes
- Standard (non-emphatic) negation typically requires two morphemes, e.g. French 'ne V pas'
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 131 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 50 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:324-6, 481-2 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 100 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 530-533 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 175 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1982:19 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989:100 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 139 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.125 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 33 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:342 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no | 56-7 | 0 | |||
| Bora | yes | Affix "-tɯ" can be used on its own, especially when the object of the phrase is vague or not referred to. | Seifart - 2005:72 | |||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 277 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 30 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | Williams 1993:90-93 | ||||
| Darkinyung | no | 46 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 7 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 146 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 110-111 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 117-8 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012:353-362 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:63-8 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 334-5 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 343 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 151 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 97-98 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:120-121 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | ILV 1976:34-5 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 348 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:328-9 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 90 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 59 wordlist | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:531 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 36 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.61-62 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 315 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 436 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 174-175 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 124 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura - 1993:48 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:38 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 345 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.60 | scarce info. | |||
| Makushi | no | Negation is generally a sentence or clause-level morpheme, on nominals it is a suffix. There are examples of these being used together (p. 61, s. 192-3), but a double negative produces a positive result. | Abbott 1991: 55-61 | No evidence shown in example sentences. | ||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, 110 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 343 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 103-104 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:996 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 68 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.72-75 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 378-385 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 98 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 239 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.102 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | Mortensen 1999:98-102 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 228 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:42 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:42-3 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | It is restricted to some instances only | Brandão 2010:57 | |||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 237, 238 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 204 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 244 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 205 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p293 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:193-5 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:22 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976: 302-303 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | double negatives makes a positive | Borgman 81-88 | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:67; Queixalós - 2000:14, 25 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:151 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.145 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 400 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 78 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:75, 93 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004: 23, 116; Ramirez 1997: 151 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 381 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | When more than one negative strategy is combined in a single sentence | Olawski:567 | |||
| Wajarri | No | 132 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 109 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | yes | It is possible to combine the two strategies for marking negation in a single clause. It has an emphatic effect. However, this is an uncommon construction. | Peeke 1991:44 | |||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 873 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | No | 54 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 674 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Sánchez and Castro 1977:66 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 804 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 56 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 141-2 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 75, 77 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:179 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 313-314 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 135 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 156-158 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | 511 | x | |||
| Yine | no info | no discussion on negation | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 95-6 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | In Shauer (1978), he notes pro- and enclitics that can occur together. In Shauer & Shauer (2000), he notes that negation is normally expressed with a negation word before the verb, as well as the negation suffix -la on the verb. | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 523, Shauer 1978: 39 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 107 | 0 |
| Language |
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