Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 82 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:238-9 | Based on the examples | |||
Alyawarr | no | 122 | 0 | |||
Andoke | no info | |||||
Apurinã | n/a | No adjectives in Apurinã. | Facundes, 2000: 342 | |||
Arabana | no | 287-90 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | No | 332 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1982; Payne 1983 | ||||
Añun | yes | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | No | 105 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | yes | There is a single set of roots which may take either regular verbal inflection and serve as predicates, | Jones & Jones 1991, p.63 | Barasano is a verb-adjective language. | ||
Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
Bare | yes | They can be used predicatively as stative verbs | Aikhenvald, 1995: 25 | |||
Batyala | No | 4 | 0 | |||
Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:105 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 54 | 1 | |||
Bilinarra | no | 7.2 | 0 | |||
Biri | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:133 | ||||
Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
Cabecar | no info | |||||
Cahuilla | yes | |||||
Central Aymara | no info | |||||
Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
Comanche | yes | |||||
Cubeo | yes | adjectives derived from stative verbs | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 16 | |||
Cupeño | yes | |||||
Damana | no info | |||||
Darkinyung | no | 46 | 0 | |||
Desano | no | there are virtually no predicate adjectives | Miller 1999, p. 125 | Adjective concepts are normally expressed by nominalizing a stative verb. | ||
Dharawal | yes | 56 | 1 | |||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no | 101-106 | 0 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 108 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 209 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 92-3 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 71 | 0 | |||
Dâw | yes | But arguably no adjective class; descriptive verbs | Martins 2004 | |||
Eñepa | no info | Payne 2012 | ||||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no | 74-6 | 0 | |||
Githabul | No | 43 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no info | |||||
Gugu-Badhun | yes | 140 | 1 | |||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 337 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | No | 333 | 0 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 115 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 92-3 | 0 | |||
Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | yes | Frank 1990:619-20 | ||||
Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
Jaru | no? | 123 | 0 | |||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
Karajarri | No | 75 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | yes | Based mainly on examples | Everett 2006:309-10 | |||
Katthang | no | 108 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No | 6 | 0 | |||
Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | no adjective in Kokama | Vallejos 2010 | |||
Kokatha | No | 65 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.34-36 | ||||
Kotiria | no info | Stenzel 2007 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 418 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | yes | 138 | 1 | |||
Kunjen | no | 68 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no | 182-189 | 0 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 97 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | yes | |||||
Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:30 | ||||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 78 | ||||
Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.44 | ||||
Makushi | no | "There are no adjectives. Only nouns occur to modify nouns in noun phrases" | Abbott 1991: 129 | |||
Mapudungun | no | It is conveyed by just juxtaposing the elements | Zúñiga 2006, p. 225-7 | |||
Marrgany | No | 333 | 0 | |||
Martuthunira | no | 205 | 0 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 72-73 | 0 | |||
Matses | no info | |||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 66 | 0 | |||
Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.42, 73, 99-100 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | no info | 190, 217 | x | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | small adj class; mostly descriptive verbs | Weir 1984 | |||
Nanti | no | Many adjective roots are also verbal roots, so the same concept can be expressed with a verb or an adjective. However, when an adjective is used predicatively, a copular verb is used. | Michael, 2008. p. 312-313 | |||
Narungga | No info | x | ||||
Naso | no info | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 28 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | Maybe | 36 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | no | 70 | 0 | |||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011 | ||||
Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez | evidenced by examples | |||
Northern Emberá | yes | The adjective predicate has to take the verbalizer {-a} | Aguirre 1999:56-7 | Chamí | ||
Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | no | 136 | 0 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:34-5 | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no info | |||||
Piapoco | yes | Adjectives can take all derivations that verbs can, while nominals cannot. | Galindo, 2002: 239-240 | |||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 10 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 223 | 0 | |||
Puinave | no info | |||||
Páez | yes | Jung:120 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | |||||
Resígaro | no | Adjectives seems to appear in predicates with very little verbal morphology, seems more like a noun. | Allin, 1976: 285 | |||
Ritharrngu | No | 97 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 209-210 | ||||
Serrano | yes | |||||
Shoshone | yes | |||||
Sikuani | no | Queixalós 2000 | ||||
Siona | no | Wheeler - 1970:144; Wheeler - 1987 | ||||
Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
Southern Ute | yes | |||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.51 | ||||
Tariana | yes | When adjectives are used as predicates, they take the same morphology as stative verbs, but nouns do not. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 76 | |||
Thanggati | no | 85-6 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 24 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:78 | ||||
Timbisha | yes | |||||
Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997 | examples from 4.5 | |||
Uradhi | No | 371 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no info | |||||
Wajarri | No | 36 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no | 99 | 0 | |||
Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | no | r24 | 0 | |||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
Warlpiri | no | LG26-7 | 0 | |||
Warluwarra | no | 864 | 0 | |||
Warnman | No | 17 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 63 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | No | 40 | 0 | |||
Warungu | no | 186 | 0 | |||
Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
Waunana | no info | |||||
Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain (2000) note that there are few true adjectives, most are stative verbs. However, they lump together numerals and adjectives. There is one example of a numeral in a predicate--this acts like a noun, rather than a verb. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | no | H 25 | 0 | |||
Western Mono | yes | |||||
WesternTorres | no info | x | ||||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | No | 138 | 0 | |||
Woiwurrung | no | 76 | 0 | |||
Worrorra | no | ms17 | 0 | |||
Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:58-9 | ||||
Yanomami | yes | no true adjectives | Ramirez 1994: 202 | see examples | ||
Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
Yavitero | yes | Adjectives take personal reference suffixes to reference the subject, while nouns must take either full pronouns or full NPs as arguments and verbs can also take cross-referencing prefixes. All can take time affixes when used predicatively. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 55, 87-88 | |||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | cf texts, e.g. text 7, sentence 1 (203) | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
Yine | yes | can take aspect | Matteson 1965 | |||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no | 105 | 0 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | Adjectives don't seem to get any person/tense marking in predicative position. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 520 | |||
Yulparija | No | 47 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | No | 69 | 0 |
Language |
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