Relative clause may occur with a noun classifier/class marker
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Predication
- Notes
- It may be unclear whether the classifier is the nominal head of the construction or is an agreement marker on the relative clause
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | N/A | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:253-5 | ||||
| Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | No indication in the section on relative clauses that class markers can be used this way. | Facundes, 2000: 560-587 | |||
| Arabana | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 321 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981:1038; Payne 1983:130140 | ||||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | N/A | 122 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.149 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no info | Aikhenvald, 1995 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | more likely not | Danielsen 2007 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Biri | n/a | 61 | 0 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:70-71 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 304 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 152 | Relative clauses in Cubeo are either postnominal or, more commonly, appear in a noun phrase without any overt head noun. In the latter case, they can equally well be considered as noun phrases which happen to be headed by a nominalized verb. | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | Williams 1993:149-54 | ||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p.148-149 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | N/A | 207 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | n/a | 104 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 99 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | |||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No info | x | ||||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:173-5 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No info | x | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 19885:130-3 | ||||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | Yes | 396 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | no info | 33 | x | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41 | ||||
| Kotiria | no info | Stenzel 2007 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 430 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no info | 181 | x | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 82 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | n/a | 227 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 533 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003 | ||||
| Makiritare | no info | Hall 1988: 351-352 | ||||
| Makuna | no info | not enough info. | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.30, 68 | |||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982:164-169 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 249 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Martuthunira | yes | 189-191 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no info | x | ||||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.96 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 402-414 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 114 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | N/A | 32 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez, p. 131-132 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:128-34 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:152-9 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999:175-94 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | The inflection of the verb with a nominal class marker seems to be how the language makes a relative clause. | Galindo, 2002: 341-342 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 154 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 216 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p407-9 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Soto 1976:152-4 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | A class marker follows the relativizing affix on the verb in the relative clause, as well as a portmanteau number/gender marker. | Allin, 1976: 359-360, 363 | |||
| Ritharrngu | N/A | 111 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990: 140 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000; 49-206 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:117-118 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.151 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | The relative takes classifiers to agree with an inanimate common referent, if that referent is the S of both clauses, or if it is O in the main clause and S in the relative clause. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 541 | |||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | N/A | 53 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | This is somewhat unclear since there are few examples of relative constructions and there are many repeater classifiers | Ramirez 1997: 279-285 | |||
| Uradhi | No | 378 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:320 | ||||
| Wajarri | N/A | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 58 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Examples of relative clauses have class markers on the relativized verbs. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No info | x | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | ms17.1.1.i | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:206-17 | ||||
| Yanomami | no info | I would actually suspect this is possible, but I don't have the data to back it up | Ramirez 1994 | no examples of this | ||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987:p. 94 | ||||
| Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
| Yidiny | not done yet | X | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no info | x | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | "Agreement" with number and gender marked on the relativized verb. One example on page 526 (Shauer & Shauer, 2000) shows a relativized verb with a "feminine" marker. It looks like object marking, but it is "outside" of the relativizing marker. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000 p. 526, 528 | |||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
| Language |
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