Relativizer is a verbal affix
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Predication
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 143 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Maybe | 73 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:253-5 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 135 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 564 | ||||
| Arabana | yes | 269 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 268 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | a set of relative affixes | Mihas 2010: | |||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 122 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.149 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | n/a | Relatives are marked by indefinite person prefix -a on verb | Aikhenvald, 1995: 46 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Relative clauses are made out of sentence nominalizations in which the nominalizer is a verbal morpheme which may be also described as a relativizer | Danielsen 2007:398 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 8.1.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | n/a | 61 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:70-71 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 80 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 303 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | nominalizer is a verbal affix | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 147 | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | It seems that there is no relativizer | Williams 1993:149-54 | |||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p.148 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 205 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 136-7 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 207 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 103-104 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 99 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:424 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:174 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 357 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 336 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No info | x | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no info | x | ||||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | There is no relativizer | Frank 1985:130-3 | |||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 100-1 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 396 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no | There is no relativizer | Everett 2006:381 | |||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:567 | ||||
| Kokatha | no info | 33 | x | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 430 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no info | 181 | x | |||
| Kunjen | No | 56 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 227-231 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 533 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:42 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Verb forms are nominalized with the suffix -dü and may be marked w/ person prefixes and temporal suffixes. | Hall 1988: 351 | |||
| Makuna | no | Verb used in relative clause takes on markers (not | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41-42 | embedded relative clauses | ||
| Makushi | no | A relative pronoun or a demonstrative. | Carson 1982:164-169 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | There is no relativizer | Zúñiga 2006, p. 249 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 336 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 244 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no info | x | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:1019 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 72-73 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | nominalizer | Minor and Minor 1982. p.95 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes? | 225 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | There are three types of relative clauses. One of the three subtypes, unranked relative clauses, uses a verbal morpheme as a relativizer. | Michael, 2008. p. 402 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 114 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 294-301 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | particle occurring after the verb | Goodwin-Gomez, p. 131-132 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | It seems that there is no relativizer | Mortensen 1999:127-30 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 198 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | ha is the mos frequent relativizert but there are some others | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:152-9 | |||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | This relativizer is usually used to introduced relative clause in which the subject of the main clause is co-referential with the object of the relative clause | de Armellada 1999:179 | |||
| Piapoco | no | There doesn't seem to be an overt relativizer. | Galindo, 2002: 341-342 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 154 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 217 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p232 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Soto 1976:152-4 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | The verbal marker changes depending on whether the subject or object of the relative clause is being relativized. | Allin, 1976: 359-360 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 111 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: 133 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000; 49-206 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1987:117-118 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.152 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | The negative version is ma-. This element is prefixed to every verbal element when the relative clause predicate is a serial verb construction. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 460 | |||
| Thanggati | yes | 69-70 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 53 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Faco Soares 1990:103 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997: 279-285 | from examples | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 378 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:320 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 114 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 239 | 1 | |||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n240, n60 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 938 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 73 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 58 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 613 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | The description in Mansen and Captain (2000) says that the 'definite article' (=gender agreement marker?) is suffixed to the verb in the relative clause. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 799 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no info | x | ||||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | FO 133 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No info | x | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no | ms17.1.1.i | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:342 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 58-62 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:206 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | pronoun retention | Ramirez 1994 | from examples (there were only 3 or 4) | ||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 69 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 183-184 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | There are four relativizers that are attached to the verb, one for relativizing singular nouns, three for plural nouns. | Shauer & Shauer, 1978, p. 23-24 | |||
| Yulparija | no info | x | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 113 | 1 |
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