Morphologically marked distinction between simultaneous and sequential clauses
- Category
- Simple Clauses - Other
- Notes
- Morphology (usually on verb) distinguishes between clauses denoting events that occur at the same time or in sequence
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 96 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:496-500 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 103 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | yes | uncertain; sequential particle noko comes after Pn+suffixes and before V | Landaburu 1979: 173 | |||
| Apurinã | no | No discussion among description of morphology. | Facundes, 2000 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 269 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 358 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Verb order shows the order of events. | Payne 1981:1038; Payne 1983:130140 | |||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 125 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | no | except for converb construction marking simultaneous single-subject events, and serial mechanisms for sequentials. | Ramirez 2001 | |||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.141-154 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | The sequential -ka | Aikhenvald, 1995: 39 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | There is a verbal suffix marker meaning "before" which conjoins two clauses in a temporal relation of sequence. | Danielsen 2007:418 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 8.1999999999999992895 | 1 | |||
| Biri | no | 61-4 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:248-257 | ||||
| Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 309, 310 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | there are six total distinctions (simultaneously, immiediately prior, marks beginning point) | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 163-164 | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 47 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 157 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 187; 213; 221 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no info | x | ||||
| Djinang | No | 160 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 84 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 77-9 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | yes | various post-verbal particles | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012:204-421 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 24-25 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:99-146 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 347 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 339 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 135 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 202 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:91-5 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1987:27-9 | ||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 58 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 397 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | |||||
| Katthang | no | 95-101 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | yes | Stendal 1976:10 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:567-665 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 67 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-92 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | sequence can be indicated via compounded root 'finish, though this is not required | Stenzel 2004 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 434 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 156 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 170, 265 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 417 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:54-58 | ||||
| Makiritare | no info | Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959:15-18 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.68 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982:167 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-94 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 318 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 139-141 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 108 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:1132 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No info | x | ||||
| Minica Witoto | yes | The simultaneous subordinate sentence is often introduced with the adverb "mei" and always ends with the simultaneous suffix "-za" on the principal verb. | Minor and Minor 1982. p.80 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 222 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Temporal succession is marked with the particle iNpogini or iNpo. Brief overlap is indicated with the subordinator =ra, and prolonged overlap with a particle tyara, `when.' | Michael, 2008. p. 429-432 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 157 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no info | x | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | |||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p. 132-134 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | more likely not | Mortensen 1999:59-88 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 210 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Ayala 1996:323-4 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Piapoco | no | An adverbial form does this. | Galindo, 2002: 222 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 62-64 | 0 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 171 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 203 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p411-413 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:53 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | The difference between simultaneous and sequential clauses is marked with a difference of coordinators, rather than morphologically. | Allin, 1976: 372-373 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 110-111 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | denoted with particles : /tehe/ 'while', /pali/ 'first', /ha/ 'after' | Borgman 1990: 158-160 | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000; 49-206 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1970:92 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | The suffix -baraka indicates that the event of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with the event of the matrix clause. The suffix -tirã indicates that the event of the subordinate clause immediately precedes the event of the matrix clause. | Strom 1992, p.169 | |||
| Tariana | yes | Fused with switch-reference markers. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 516 | |||
| Thanggati | yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 49 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no info | West and Welch 2004; Ramirez 1997 | ||||
| Uradhi | Yes | 378 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no info | |||||
| Wajarri | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | no info | x | ||||
| Wambaya | no info | x | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Referred to as an "interrupter" or "intermitent" event. | Santos 2006 | |||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 936 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | yes | Loewen 1954:61-62 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | There are particles that do switch-reference and also marks the difference between concurrent and sequential clauses. | Mansen & Mansen, 1976: p. 166-172, Mansen & Captain 2000: p. 804 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 50 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no info | FO 133 | x | |||
| Wiradjuri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Wirangu | No | 122 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | ms10.6.3.iii | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 141, 233 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:188 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 320, 167 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-69, 93 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no info | x | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no info | x | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | |||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Simultaneous clauses are marked morphologically, while sequential clauses are identified by a missing subject. | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 21 | |||
| Yulparija | Yes | 54 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 79 | 0 |
| Language |
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