| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
The difference between simultaneous and sequential clauses is marked with a difference of coordinators, rather than morphologically. |
Allin, 1976: 372-373 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
The sequential -ka |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 39 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
An adverbial form does this. |
Galindo, 2002: 222 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
Simultaneous clauses are marked morphologically, while sequential clauses are identified by a missing subject. |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 21 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 63-69, 93 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
Referred to as an "interrupter" or "intermitent" event. |
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
There are particles that do switch-reference and also marks the difference between concurrent and sequential clauses. |
Mansen & Mansen, 1976: p. 166-172, Mansen & Captain 2000: p. 804 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Fused with switch-reference markers. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 516 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
No discussion among description of morphology. |
Facundes, 2000 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Verb order shows the order of events. |
Payne 1981:1038; Payne 1983:130140 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:54-58 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:188 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
There is a verbal suffix marker meaning "before" which conjoins two clauses in a temporal relation of sequence. |
Danielsen 2007:418 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
Temporal succession is marked with the particle iNpogini or iNpo. Brief overlap is indicated with the subordinator =ra, and prolonged overlap with a particle tyara, `when.' |
Michael, 2008. p. 429-432 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:248-257 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no info |
|
Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959:15-18 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982:167 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012:204-421 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
more likely not |
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1990:91-5 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
|
Stendal 1976:10 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99-146 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000; 49-206 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:496-500 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no info |
more likely not |
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1987:27-9 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:1132 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:53 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
|
Loewen 1954:61-62 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
uncertain; sequential particle noko comes after Pn+suffixes and before V |
Landaburu 1979: 173 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p411-413 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 309, 310 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
The simultaneous subordinate sentence is often introduced with the adverb "mei" and always ends with the simultaneous suffix "-za" on the principal verb. |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.80 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no info |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
various post-verbal particles |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 157 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
there are six total distinctions (simultaneously, immiediately prior, marks beginning point) |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 163-164 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
sequence can be indicated via compounded root 'finish, though this is not required |
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.68 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-92 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.141-154 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
The suffix -baraka indicates that the event of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with the event of the matrix clause. The suffix -tirã indicates that the event of the subordinate clause immediately precedes the event of the matrix clause. |
Strom 1992, p.169 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1970:92 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no info |
|
West and Welch 2004; Ramirez 1997 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 320, 167 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
yes |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p. 132-134 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
denoted with particles : /tehe/ 'while', /pali/ 'first', /ha/ 'after' |
Borgman 1990: 158-160 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Ayala 1996:323-4 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:567-665 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms10.6.3.iii |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yidiny |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
141, 233 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
122 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 50 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
378 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
210 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
203 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
62-64 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
222 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
139-141 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
318 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
417 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
156 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
434 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
58 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
135 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
347 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
77-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
160 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
187; 213; 221 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Biri |
no |
|
61-4 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
269 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
103 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
54 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
108 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
202 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
65 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
95-101 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
170, 265 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
24-25 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
339 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
FO 133 |
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
125 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
157 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
358 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
67 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
397 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 171 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
110-111 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
936 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
8.1999999999999992895 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
yes |
|
18 |
|
|
1 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
96 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
49 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
except for converb construction marking simultaneous single-subject events, and serial mechanisms for sequentials. |
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
