Productive VV serialization (without compounding)
- Category
- Morphology - Compounding, auxiliaries, light verbs
- Notes
- Verb roots can be combined in a single predicate without markers of subordination (distinct from subordinating construction) or distinct inflection
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 117 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no info | more likely no | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 464-469 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 210-12 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 362 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | However, there is a process of stringing together verbs that each carry their own markings, which produces one thought. For example, ("it will have happened + I will want + I will go + I will accompany + father" = "then I will want to go with father") | Payne 1981:13 | |||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | limited to asymmetric type with just a few combinatory possibilities | Aikhenvald 2010 | |||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.45 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 40 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p31 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 8.1.6 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no info | x | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Chacon (n.d.) argues that Cubeo uses converbs, not serialization | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 65; Chacon (n.d.) | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | no info | x | ||||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 88 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 98 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 87-93 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 127 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 81, 102 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004:173 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | no mention of verb serialization | Payne 2012 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 24 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quevedo 2008:99-146 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no info | x | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 345-6 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 79 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no info | x | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no info | |||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 95 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 109 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 164 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | more likely not productive | ||||
| Katthang | no info | x | ||||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | not likely productive, but the author does not explicitly states it | Vallejos 2010:155 | |||
| Kokatha | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-87 | possible example @ top of p,90 | |||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 406 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 241, 7.22 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 204 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:44 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 339, 341 | Ex. (35)b. Also, subordinate verbs DO have a marker (p. 341-2) | |||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 | agglutinative | |||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 | No evidence of this; examples support an answer of "no." | |||
| Mapudungun | yes | Salas 1992, p.192 | Although it is not clear if it is a productive pattern of the language. | |||
| Marrgany | No | 319 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 247-249 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 109-111 | 1 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no info | Minor and Minor 1982. p.19-27 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Weir 1984:34 example 2.21 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | yes | positionals are not affixed | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 65 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No info | x | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 204 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no info | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | one verb will be subordinated with -wei suffix | Migliazza 1972, p.65, 73, 75 | |||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:59-88 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 191 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | yes | There is verb serialization, mainly with directionals verbs such as "go"and "go". However, it is not clear whether it is productive or not. | Brandão 2010:25-6 | |||
| Pemon | no info | |||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 139-142, 150-180, 235-268 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 199 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p220 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | But it seems to happen with a restricted set of verbs. Namely, the verbs "to care, happen" ima and " | Parker 1965:86 | |||
| Resígaro | no | No indication that verb roots or stems can combine productively at any level. | Allin, 1976: 97, 105-109, 124-150, 204-223 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 85 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | Second verb usually takes tense/mood marking, while first verb takes person/number. | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:93-94; Queixalós - 2000 | |||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler 1987:163 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.32 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald 2003: 424 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 91 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:80-86, 101-120 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997: 95-96; 116 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 364 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:629 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 92 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no? | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | yes | based on examples | Peeke 1991:24-25 | |||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | s49 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 367 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 85 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | no info | |||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 51 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | K85c 89-90 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 122-4 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | maybe | 76 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | ms11.2.1 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990: | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 146-7 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no info | more likely not | Duff-Tripp | |||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | see p.330. probably not serialization because verbs (all in one phonological word) take different morphology. 1st has VCRM w/ aspect, and 2nd has aspect and tense. | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Possible to have a number of verbs strung together without subordination (although this is covered in a section on subordination). All verbs receive person-marking. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 93 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | check | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 176-183 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | 512 | x | |||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no info | x | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521-524 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 61 | 0 |
| Language |
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