| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
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|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
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|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
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|
|
| Timbisha |
|
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|
|
| Western Mono |
|
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|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
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|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
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| Southern Ute |
|
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| Shoshone |
|
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| Comanche |
|
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| Idaho Shoshone |
|
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|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 117 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No indication that verb roots or stems can combine productively at any level. |
Allin, 1976: 97, 105-109, 124-150, 204-223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 40 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 139-142, 150-180, 235-268 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521-524 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
Possible to have a number of verbs strung together without subordination (although this is covered in a section on subordination). All verbs receive person-marking. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 93 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald 2003: 424 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 464-469 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
However, there is a process of stringing together verbs that each carry their own markings, which produces one thought. For example, ("it will have happened + I will want + I will go + I will accompany + father" = "then I will want to go with father") |
Payne 1981:13 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:44 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
more likely not |
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007: p31 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
There is verb serialization, mainly with directionals verbs such as "go"and "go". However, it is not clear whether it is productive or not. |
Brandão 2010:25-6 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 339, 341 |
|
Ex. (35)b. Also, subordinate verbs DO have a marker (p. 341-2) |
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 |
|
No evidence of this; examples support an answer of "no." |
|
| Eñepa |
no |
no mention of verb serialization |
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
positionals are not affixed |
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quevedo 2008:99-146 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
Second verb usually takes tense/mood marking, while first verb takes person/number. |
de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:93-94; Queixalós - 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no info |
|
|
|
more likely no |
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
based on examples |
Peeke 1991:24-25 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Salas 1992, p.192 |
|
Although it is not clear if it is a productive pattern of the language. |
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
But it seems to happen with a restricted set of verbs. Namely, the verbs "to care, happen" ima and " |
Parker 1965:86 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:80-86, 101-120 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:629 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p220 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no info |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.19-27 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
|
Weir 1984:34 example 2.21 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004:173 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 88 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
Chacon (n.d.) argues that Cubeo uses converbs, not serialization |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 65; Chacon (n.d.) |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 |
|
agglutinative |
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-87 |
|
possible example @ top of p,90 |
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.45 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.32 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler 1987:163 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997: 95-96; 116 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
see p.330. probably not serialization because verbs (all in one phonological word) take different morphology. 1st has VCRM w/ aspect, and 2nd has aspect and tense. |
|
| Ninam |
no |
one verb will be subordinated with -wei suffix |
Migliazza 1972, p.65, 73, 75 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
more likely not productive |
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
not likely productive, but the author does not explicitly states it |
Vallejos 2010:155 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no? |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms11.2.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
s49 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
176-183 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
check |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
146-7 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
maybe |
|
76 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
122-4 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 51 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
32 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
204 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
247-249 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
204 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
406 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
109 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
95 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
345-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
81, 102 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
127 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
98 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
210-12 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
109-111 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
91 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
191 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
241, 7.22 |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
24 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes? |
|
K85c 89-90 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
512 |
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
65 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
362 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
164 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 199 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
87-93 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
8.1.6 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
92 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
367 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990: |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
limited to asymmetric type with just a few combinatory possibilities |
Aikhenvald 2010 |
|
|
|
