| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No indication that verb roots or stems can combine productively at any level. |
Allin, 1976: 97, 105-109, 124-150, 204-223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no info |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 139-142, 150-180 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521-524 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
Possible to chain verbs, but they are separate words. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 93 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
not clear |
Mansen & Captain (2000) note that there is verb "compounding" but the examples they give do not have multiple roots, they are roots plus things like causatives, etc. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
There are two kinds of compounding |
Aikhenvald 2003: 446 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 4664-469 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
However, there is a process of stringing together verbs that each carry their own markings, which produces one thought. For example, ("it will have happened + I will want + I will go + I will accompany + father" = "then I will want to go with father") |
Payne 1981:13 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:37-47 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
more likely not |
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no |
|
Souza 2008:82 |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
|
Danielsen 2007: p96-98 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
|
Hall 1988:340-341 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 |
|
No evidence of this; examples support an answer of "no." |
|
| Eñepa |
no |
no mention of verb serialization |
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999: 138-9 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
verb+positional and verb+directional |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quevedo 2008:99-146 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
some verb constructions can be the product of a verb and a noun (i.e. "emanate from the body" + "sweat (n)" = "to sweat" |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
Queixalós 1998:189-190 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
Last sentence on the page gives an example of serialization |
Buenaventura 1993:86 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no info |
|
|
|
more likely no |
|
| Northern Emberá |
no info |
more likely not |
Mortensen 1999:59-60 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
most examples are gerund+verb, but other constructions are possible |
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
But it is limited to verbs like "know", "have to" or "can" and any other verb to convey modality |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 135-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:80-86, 101-120 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:426 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: 183 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
"It´s possible but it´s not clear if it´s productive" Dvalle |
Giron 2008: p220 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no info |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.19-27 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
|
Weir 1984:33 example 2.19 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004:180 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
Desano makes use of verb compounding to enrich and expand the meaning of a clause. |
Miller 1999, p. 88 |
|
distinguished by stress |
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.68 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 273 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-87 |
|
possible example @ top of p,90 |
|
| Barasano |
yes |
Compound verbs are formed by a combination of two roots with the second one being inflected. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.45 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.32 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:138-174 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
serialized verb compounds; certain verbs must be part of a serialized verb compound (pp. 95-96) |
Ramirez 1997: 95-96 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
occurs with a variety of verbs, typically those which express adverbial-type concepts |
Ramirez 1994: p.364 |
|
it's not clear how productive this is. |
|
| Ninam |
yes |
can involve a verb root preceeded by a qualitative verb |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.115 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
usually involves an intransitive verb |
Borgman 1990: p.208 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
yes |
|
Cruz 2011:429 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
not likely since language is isolating |
Vallejos 2010:155 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
40, ms11.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
s38 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
82-83 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
check |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
169 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
133-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 49-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
r30 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
211 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
115 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
200-202 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
54-55 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
341 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
97, 101 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
445-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
221 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
82 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
140-141 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
317 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
88 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
127 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
69 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
64-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
Yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
204-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
48 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
109-111 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
91 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no? |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
113 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
10.2.2 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
216 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
107 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 237 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
85 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no |
|
87-93 |
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
69 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
with directional verbs |
Payne and Payne 1990:413 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
