Verb-adjunct (aka light verb) constructions
- Category
- Morphology - Compounding, auxiliaries, light verbs
- Notes
- There is a set of semantically weak verbs used in complex verbal constructions, e.g. 'take a nap'
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no info | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no info | more likely no | ||||
| Alyawarr | no info | X | ||||
| Andoke | yes | uncertain; verb -i is suffixed to noun, means 'get/make' N | Landaburu 1979: 182 | classified by landaburu as a derivational verbalizing a noun | ||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 464-469 | ||||
| Arabana | no info | x | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 216 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Anything that could be interpreted as a "weak" verb is an affix that modifies the main verb. | Payne 1981:1016 | |||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.37 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no info | Aikhenvald, 1995 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 3.4 | 1 | |||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:58-62 | ||||
| Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | no info/not expected | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | no data observed so far | ||||
| Darkinyung | no | 38 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | Desano has many bound affixes that could be called either derivational affixes or dependent verb roots that can only occur combined with another verb root to form a stem. | Miller 1999, p. 89-90 | there is a set of verb affixes that are always bound like doing something with your hand,, ex: carry-bend = kneel. 'boʔ-' | ||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 87-8 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 127 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 88 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 315-7 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | tone as mark of intran- or transitivizer/ to derive weak verbs…? And stative verbs | |||
| Eñepa | no info | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 21 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 345-352 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 105 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 68 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:46 | ||||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | I was thinking that maybe in serialization the verb 'go' is encoding more like a diectic emphasis. Also, when verbs become markers of an action like 'to do repeatedly' should we consider this here? | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
| Karajarri | Yes | 90 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | |||||
| Katthang | no | 73 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-87 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 240 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | Maybe | 446 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | Maybe | 113 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 341 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003:44 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959:16 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 | ||||
| Makushi | no info | Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no info | most likely no | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no info | x | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 99-101 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 54-55 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no info | not indicated/expected | Minor and Minor 1982. p.27-28 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 192 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984:43. | ||||
| Nanti | yes | At least one light verb--kaNt 'do' | Michael, 2008. p. 395, 436 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 75 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | Maybe | 37 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | no info | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | |||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | These are verbs mainly related to motion as "go" and "come" | Mortensen 1999:68 | Catío | ||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | |||||
| Piapoco | no info | |||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | G 206 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 211 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | |||||
| Resígaro | yes | At the verb "group" level, three verbs can take complements (verbal, adjectival, clausal). They seem to be fairly bleached, basically marking just the difference between transitive (causative?) and intransitive (inchoative?) variants. They fill the head s | Allin, 1976: 206-207 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Maybe | 85 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:219-237 | ||||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler 1987 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | In addition to the main verb, subject markers (prefix and suffix), object marker (prefix), negative and causative affixes, the verb phrase also includes the adjuncts; Auxiliary verb, tense, aspect, mood, intensifiers, evidentials, and subordinating suffix | Strom 1992, p.38 | epps-may be obligatory (like do in english whereas 27 would be more like can, should, may, etc. | ||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 42-3 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997 | no good evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 364 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no info | |||||
| Wajarri | No | 91 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no info | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | s38 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 85 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | There are several auxiliaries. One of these, calucaa, is said to have a “verbalizing function” for non-verbs. | Mansen & Mansen, 1976: p. 256 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 46-67 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | K85c 89-90 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | Maybe | 108-9 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | no info | X | ||||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no info | more likely not | Duff-Tripp | |||
| Yanomami | no info | Ramirez 1994 | no examples of these | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no info | |||||
| Yawuru | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 82 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83-91 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no info | Shauer & Shauer, 2000; Shauer & Shauer, 1978 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 59 | 0 |
| Language |
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