| Cahuilla |
|
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|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
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|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
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|
| Serrano |
|
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|
| Kitanemuk |
|
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|
| Kawaiisu |
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| Timbisha |
|
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| Western Mono |
|
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| Chemehuevi |
|
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| Southern Paiute |
|
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| Southern Ute |
|
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| Shoshone |
|
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| Comanche |
|
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| Idaho Shoshone |
|
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| Northern Paiute |
|
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| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
At the verb "group" level, three verbs can take complements (verbal, adjectival, clausal). They seem to be fairly bleached, basically marking just the difference between transitive (causative?) and intransitive (inchoative?) variants. They fill the head s |
Allin, 1976: 206-207 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no info |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no info |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000; Shauer & Shauer, 1978 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no info |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
There are several auxiliaries. One of these, calucaa, is said to have a “verbalizing function” for non-verbs. |
Mansen & Mansen, 1976: p. 256 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 464-469 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Anything that could be interpreted as a "weak" verb is an affix that modifies the main verb. |
Payne 1981:1016 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003:44 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
more likely not |
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
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| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
At least one light verb--kaNt 'do' |
Michael, 2008. p. 395, 436 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:58-62 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
|
Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959:16 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no info |
|
Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1990:46 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
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| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
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| Guaymí |
no info |
more likely not |
|
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
no data observed so far |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:219-237 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no info |
|
|
|
more likely no |
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
These are verbs mainly related to motion as "go" and "come" |
Mortensen 1999:68 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no info |
most likely no |
|
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
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| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
uncertain; verb -i is suffixed to noun, means 'get/make' N |
Landaburu 1979: 182 |
|
classified by landaburu as a derivational verbalizing a noun |
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
I was thinking that maybe in serialization the verb 'go' is encoding more like a diectic emphasis. Also, when verbs become markers of an action like 'to do repeatedly' should we consider this here? |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no info |
not indicated/expected |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.27-28 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984:43. |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
tone as mark of intran- or transitivizer/ to derive weak verbs…? And stative verbs |
|
| Desano |
yes |
Desano has many bound affixes that could be called either derivational affixes or dependent verb roots that can only occur combined with another verb root to form a stem. |
Miller 1999, p. 89-90 |
|
there is a set of verb affixes that are always bound like doing something with your hand,, ex: carry-bend = kneel. 'boʔ-' |
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
no info/not expected |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 240 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53-87 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.37 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
In addition to the main verb, subject markers (prefix and suffix), object marker (prefix), negative and causative affixes, the verb phrase also includes the adjuncts; Auxiliary verb, tense, aspect, mood, intensifiers, evidentials, and subordinating suffix |
Strom 1992, p.38 |
epps-may be obligatory (like do in english whereas 27 would be more like can, should, may, etc. |
|
|
| Siona |
no info |
|
Wheeler 1987 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
no good evidence for this |
|
| Yanomami |
no info |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
no examples of these |
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
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| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
s38 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83-91 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
82 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
Maybe |
|
108-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 46-67 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
39 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
211 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
192 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
54-55 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
314 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
341 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
Maybe |
|
446 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Jaru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
105 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
345-352 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
315-7 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
88 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
127 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Biri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
99-101 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
68 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngarinyeri |
Maybe |
|
37 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
21 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
Maybe |
|
113 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
yes? |
|
K85c 89-90 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
82 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
216 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
44 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
90 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 206 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
Maybe |
|
85 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
87-8 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
3.4 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
91 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
