Auxiliary verb(s)
- Category
- Morphology - Compounding, auxiliaries, light verbs
- Notes
- There are verbs that accompany main verbs of clauses and take grammatical marking not expressed by main verbs
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 5 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | There are 11 verbs that can function as auxiliary verbs. | Overall 2007:279-80 | There are six auxiliary verbs | ||
| Alyawarr | yes | 62 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 294-295 | ||||
| Arabana | yes | 206 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 189 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Instead, suffixes are utilized in such a way that they translate as auxiliary verbs, but do not take grammatical markings. (In a way, they are verbal markings themselves.) | Payne 1981:3031 | |||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 82 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | unclear | Ramirez 2001 | |||
| Barasano | yes | Barsano has 3 auxiliaries: ya, yi, yã | Jones & Jones 1991, p.37-38 | ya 'to do, say, think' is used for Progressive aspect, yi 'to do, say, think' is used with any distance in space/time, yã 'to be' is Durative. | ||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no info | Aikhenvald, 1995 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | "There are no auxiliaries in Baure. Instead there are free verbal particles in addition to the affixes attached to verbs for TMA marking" | Danielsen 2007: p269 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 3.4 | 1 | |||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:58-62 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Deza Galindo 1992: 99 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 60 | As is common with languages of the OV type, auxiliary verbs in Cubeo normally appear at the end of the verb phrase. | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 38 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | Desano has two auxiliary verbs, ii- 'do' and wa- 'go'. | Miller 1999, p. 87 | aux verbs carry person and number | ||
| Dharawal | maybe | 61 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 36; 66 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 92 (d) | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 131 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 68 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 56 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Thomas Payne 1989, 1995, 2012:169-171 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 21 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no info | x | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | There seem to be four auxiliary verbs | Alphonse 1956:30, Quesada 2008:134 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 317 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 329 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 105 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 68 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:46 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Verbs of motion are used as auxiliaries. | Levinson 1976:74 | |||
| Jaru | no | 2 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | for mood | Silva 2011:104 | |||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes? | 96 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 188 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | |||||
| Katthang | no | 73 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:402 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.82 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 237 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 406 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | yes | 114 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | no info | x | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 341 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | author suggests that the language has auxiliaries, but the example he shows does not seem like one | Buenaventura - 1993:52 | |||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003:37-47 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Auxiliaries are forms of 'to go' and 'to be' | Hall 1988: 335 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | ená 'become', wanɨ 'be', komámɨ 'stay, remain', mápɨɨtɨɨ 'cause' and kúpɨ 'force' | Carson 1982: 136 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-78 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 1 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 99-101 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | not indicated/expected | Minor and Minor 1982. p.19-27 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Positionals/directionals | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | yes | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 37 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no info | x | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011:438 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.91, 99 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:12 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no info | x | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | The author calls these verbs as auxiliaries but they do not seem to fit the definition of auxiliary verbs since they do not show any grammatical information not already present in the main verb; rahter, they seem to be a instance of verb serialization | de Armellada 1999: 27-9 | |||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 292 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 206 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | more likely not | Parker 1965:47-57, Perroud 1973:46-62 | |||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin identifies three auxiliaries, which take person marking. However, the reflexive and privative markers are found on main verb. | Allin, 1976: 214 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 60-64 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman says it "can be considered" an auxiliary | Borgman 1990: p.207 | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | Quexalós 1998:268-286 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler 1987:168-170 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | The auxiliary verb baa 'do, make' is used to create a construction that indicates imminence. | Strom 1992, p.38 | The auxiliary takes the tense suffic while the content verb takes the subject prefix. | ||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald 2003: 235 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 46, 60 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no info | |||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | auxiliary used with verb 'to do/make' to indicate aspect (we'e), and to indicate going to do something (wa'a) or coming from doing something (eja) | West and Welch 2004: 36-37; Ramirez 1997: 112 | |||
| Uradhi | No | 364 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:303 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 91 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006: 156 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | BS152, elsewhere | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | no info | x | ||||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no info | x | ||||
| Warumungu | No info | x | ||||
| Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 85 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Loewen 1954:40 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Mansen, 1976: p. 256 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 46 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | K85c 89-90 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 94 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | 40 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:413 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 146-7 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:120-4 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | /ku/ is the only auxiliary, and it's use is not restricted to aux. functions. Often occurs after the main verb | Ramirez 1994: p.350 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Some aspectual information is conveyed using auxiliary verbs. Both auxiliary and main verbs have person-referencing prefixes in constructions with auxiliary verbs. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 64-65 | |||
| Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no info | x | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 83-91 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | The remote past is expressed with the auxiliary verb iʔima'ka. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 522 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 61 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries