| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
The description of verb stems and roots do not contain a slot for a nominal root, although there are light-verb constructions that take a nominal complement. |
Allin, 1976: 97, 105-109 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no info |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 150-180, 235-268 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
No mention of incorporation processes. |
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521-524 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
No discussion of incorporation in chapter on verbs. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos, 2006: 125 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
The verb template does not include a slot for incorporated elements. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800-801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
The overview of predicate structure does not describe any incorporation processes. |
Aikhenvald 2003: 253-254 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
seems to be limited to a certain set of nouns, but no information on the size of that set; classificatory nouns are incorporated in an anaphoric way |
Facundes, 2000: 298 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
|
Mihas 2010:96 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003:37-47 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
But this is restricted to body-parts and nominal classifiers |
Duff-Tripp 1997:171 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
Incorporation of nouns into verbs is present, however, it is unclear if this process yields an intransitivized verb |
Danielsen 2007: p98-100 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
Only inalienably-possessed nouns, and, of those, only “part” terms--no nouns for manufactured items (e.g., “bow.”). Happens with verbs, adjectives and numerals. |
Michael, 2008. p. 327 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
|
Matteson 1965:78 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:62-65 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
"While noun incorporation occurs in De'kwana, it does not appear as a currently productive process." |
Hall 1988: 323 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982:105 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
There is object incorporation into the verb in Panare but the resulting verb remains transitive, it does not become intransitive |
Thomas Payne 1995:299, 2012:330 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999: 262 |
|
The suffixes ma, te and pa derive transitive verbs from nouns and other parts of speech |
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
However, it seems that some nouns have been incorporated into verbs of "putting" (Frank 1989:24-25 |
Frank 1985:60-104 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99-145 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
Can even be used in transitive clauses. |
Queixalós 1998:191 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
example: wi-kán, "meat-eat", "eat meat" |
Buenaventura - 1993:51 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:269-72 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:60 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
It is not clear if this process is productive but it is possible in the language |
Holman:62-3 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
Only for body part nouns. These nouns get reduced when incorporated into the verb |
Fleck:342 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Salas 1992, p.195-6 |
|
The object is attached right after the verb and then verbal morphology is atached as in a "normal" verb. |
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:47-57, Perroud 1973:46-62 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2005:135 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p244 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
not likely since verb does not have many morphemes |
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.29 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
quite productive and complex incorporation |
Weir 1984:272 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
Some noun classification but generally appears to be minimally productive |
Martins 2004:182 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
Nouns are considered to be incorporated when they form one stress group with the verb and when nothing comes between the noun and the verb. |
Miller 1999, p. 108 |
|
The change in meaning and the fact that this process is no longer productive indicates that noun incorporation has been lexicalized in Desano. |
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
The direct object of a verb may be incorporated into the verb. (the incorporated noun appears in generic form) |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 70-72; Chacón 2012:202 |
|
While the incorporated noun does not carry any inflectional affixes, it may bear a derivational affix such as a classifier. |
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2007:242 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no info |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43-47 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.79-80 |
|
verbalizer on noun creates a verb |
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.25 |
|
Barasano has only one verb with an incorporated object that does not occur with marked objects and is considered to be instransitive. |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
Sometimes objects and instruments are incorporated into the verb. The incorporated constituent directly precedes the verb root. |
Strom 1992, p.100 |
|
The incorporation of the object may can reduce the valence of the verb to make it grammatically instransitive. |
|
| Siona |
no info |
|
Wheeler 1987 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
no evidence of this |
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
doesn't have the effect of intransitivizing |
Ramirez 1994: p.221 |
|
various examples of this and other incorporation of nouns throughout book. |
|
| Ninam |
no info |
|
|
|
I disagree with the way Goodwin-Gomez analyzes some constructions that could actually involve incorporation |
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
doesn't intransitivize. Borgman analyzes this as "Verb Head compounds" (N and V compound). This structure is more or less identical to N incorporation in Yanomami |
Borgman 1990: p.207-208 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:223-95 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011: |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
Not sure if it is very productive |
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:146 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
ms11.4.1 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
82-83 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
174 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
53 |
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 48-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
56-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
314 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
100 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
405 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Jaru |
no |
|
221 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
105 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
85-88 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
169 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
161 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
99-101 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
89-91 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
53-63 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
153-156 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
22 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
10.2.3.2 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
513 |
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
114 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 7 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
60-65 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
91 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:413 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
