| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no info |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
The description of a verb stem (or any other level) does not contain a slot for some other root (although there are light verb constructions that take adjectival or clausal complements). |
Allin, 1976: 97, 105-109 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no info |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 150-180, 235-268 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 521-524 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
No discussion of incorporation in chapter on verbs. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-69 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006:139 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
The template for verbs does not include a slot for incorporated elements. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800-801 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
The overview of predicate structure does not describe any incorporation processes. |
Aikhenvald 2003: 253-254 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no info |
Thre is a section on noun incorporation, but no suggestion that other elements can be incorporated. Language has no adjectives |
|
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
adverbials |
Payne 1981:3842 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003:37-47 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:171 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007: p98-100 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 327-331 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
incorporated locatives |
Matteson 1965:79 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:58-65 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959:15 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982; Abbott 1991 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
can you say anything about which ones? It seems that postpositions can be added to verbs to form other verbs |
de Armellada 1999: 260 to 262 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
verb + directional adverbs |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:60-104 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99-145 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
adjectives, quality (unique, reiteration), actuality |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:219-237 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:269-72 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:59-88 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
especially prepositions and temporal expressions |
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-78 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:47-57, Perroud 1973:46-62 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:45-54, 101-120 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
"However, there seems to be a possible incorporation but it has a ridig structure and seems to be the product of grammaticalization." |
Giron 2008: p221 (Table 23; ex. 417a-f) |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
not likely |
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.36, 42-44 |
|
Features such as locative (-mo) are attached to the noun via suffix. |
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
esp. postpositions |
Weir 1984:97 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
A few possible examples but not productive |
Martins 2004: 653 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 110 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 76 |
|
A class 2 noun may also follow a stative verb stem or a nominalized adjective stem. |
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2007 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.43 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
adverbs |
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.80 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
Barasano is a verb-adjective language |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.63 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.100 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no info |
|
Wheeler 1987 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
no evidence of this |
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
can incorporate noun classifiers, AUG/DIM; "adjectives" pattern verbally, and so they may seem "incorporated" but this might be better classified as a kind of verb serialization. |
Ramirez 1994: p.130; Lizot 1996: p.32-33 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
yes |
adverbs |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.82-83, 103 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
adverbs |
Borgman 1990: p.204 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:296-317 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Zarratea 2002:69-118 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
n/a |
|
46-51 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
148-9 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes? |
|
46, 53 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 48-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
364 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
200-202 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
56-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
314 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
405 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Jaru |
no |
|
221 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
105 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
85-88 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
169 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
99-101 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
89-91 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
53-63 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
22 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
10.2.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
84 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
114 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 7 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
60-66 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
91 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990: |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
