| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
There is a subclass of animates that receives the number and gender marking |
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 22 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
Allin's description of a noun phrase includes "concord" between a head noun and several dependents, however, the concord categories seem to be number, size, and classifiers, rather than gender or class. |
Allin 1976: 150-176, 223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
The gender distinction occurs only in predicate constructions? |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 19 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 99-100 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
Subject noun class is marked with suffixes on the verb if the subject is an overt NP (otherwise, the subject is indicated with cross-referencing prefixes). |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 40 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
There is a sex-based gender distinction, found in pronouns, demonstratives, and personal-reference affixes. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
Sets include masculine/feminine, animacy, alienable/inalienable, shape, location, and others. Each is treated as a noun class. |
Santos, 2006:139 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
masculine/non-masculine, and plural. The non-masculine seems to be the 'unmarked' form, marking inanimates and even things like 'ancestors.' |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 796-797 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald 2003: 87 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
masculine and feminine, cross-referenced on verb and demonstratives |
Facundes, 2000: 150 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
|
Payne 1981:13, 2234 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
no gender or class distinction on nouns. Only verbal |
Zamponi 2003:24 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:23-51 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
|
Danielsen 2007: Table 4.15 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 294 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Green and Green 1972:56-7 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
yes |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:77-82 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
"..two major morphosyntactic classes marked by the suffixes -dü and -i and several minor classes" |
Hall 1988: 288 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982: 56 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
no true noun classes |
Payne 2012:74 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999:48 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
The shape of the noun refered may have some morphosyntactic correlates as to the verb or normimal predicate it appears with |
Frank 1989:22 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
yes |
There exists 6 noun clases:humans, flat things, rounded things, elongated things, sets and trees. However, this noun classes are not completely consistent since, for instance, in the human class are also included some animals. |
Bertoglia 1983:5 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:49-97 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
Queixalós 1998:31 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
doesn't seem likely |
Buenaventura 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:137 |
|
There are 4 noun classes: proper names, kin terms, locational terms and others |
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:15-6 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:240 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:32-46 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2004b:61 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: p.130-132 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p185 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Deza Galindo 1992: 78 and Huayhua Pari 2001: 199, 200 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
only for human nouns |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.31 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p.21 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
animante/inanimate; masc/fem |
Chacón 2012:238-240 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
gender only for human |
Stenzel 2004, p. 122 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p. 33 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
animate and inanimate |
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15 |
|
human noun endings can not do without "emotional" gender and number. |
|
| Barasano |
yes |
Nouns in Barasano fill the roles of subject, object, benefactive, location, time, manner, and instrument. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.19 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
Relative clauses, dependent clauses, and nearly every noun is marked as a nominal with a number/gender suffix. |
Strom 1992, p.10 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
Animate/inanimate, spatial/temporal |
Wheeler 1987:102-105 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
3: masc. animate, fem. Animate, inanimate |
West and Welch 2004: various pages (37 in particular) |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
noun clasifiers, but not classes |
Ramirez 1994: p.123-124 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
some classifiers but no classes; however, there's a pretty clear division along animacy lines (2 distinct 3rd person pronouns) |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.119, 120 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: p.144-147 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
There are no noun classifiers in the language whatsoever |
Everett 2006:296 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Zarratea 2002:121-41 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
22 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
n/a |
|
46-47 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
88-105 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
67 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 27-28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
17-18 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
334 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
192 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
Maybe |
|
7 |
|
|
1 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
34 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
63-99 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
301 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
149 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
123 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
446 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
55-6 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
102 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
254, 264-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
34; 38; 60 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no |
|
46 |
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
136 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
8 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
301 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
78 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 122 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
145 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
505 |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
43 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
35 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 11 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
34 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
881 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
32-3 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
yes |
|
23-4 |
|
|
1 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
54 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
38 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
165 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:404 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers |
|
|
|
