Palatalized stops
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
- Phonemic contrast
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 14 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:39, 57 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | yes | 1 | ||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | yes | 25 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:20 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 17-20 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979, p.27 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | palatalized stops are allophonic | Facundes, 2000: 71 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 26, 44 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1980:910 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 8 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.8-17 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | palatalized affricate | Aikhenvald, 1995: 5 | |||
| Batyala | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | not contrasted but appears in stops /k, t/ | Danielsen 2007: p55 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 10, 13 | 1 | |||
| Bilinarra | yes | 2.1 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | According to Thiesen, most stops (along with most consonants) become palatalized after the vowel [i]. | Seifart - 2005:33-36; Thiesen - 1996:18-20 | |||
| Bularnu | yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1982:34 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 68 to 72 | There is no mention of palatalized stops in the Huayhua Pari, Deza Galindo, or Gomez. I think that the fact that Gomez (1992) omits them in his list of phonemes (starting on page15) indicates that they probably don't exist in Aymara. | |||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 2-6 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 9-15 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 17 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 1 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 18 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 270-1 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004:16-23 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | But this only occurs with the alveolar stop. | Price 1984 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:30 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 74 | 1 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | xix | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 283 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:10 | ||||
| Ingá | no | There are no palatalized consonants but there are palatal consonants. Hoever, Levinson 1976 considers the palatal lateral as an palatalized alveolar lateral | Levinson 1978:1 | |||
| Jaru | yes | 23 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Texeira 1988:4 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 5b | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:13 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 17 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:59 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:93-103 | ||||
| Kokatha | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Gralow & Cook 1984 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | allophonic | Waltz p. 29 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 374 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 19 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 11 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:14 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.26 | not indicated/expected | |||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 140-148 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 283 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 25-50 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 58 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:72 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 21 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.1-4 | not indicated/expected | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Barbosa 2005 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 221 | ||||
| Narungga | yes | 31 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:34 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:16-7 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | yes | d30-1 | 1 | |||
| Paakantyi | yes | 15; 23 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:37 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 131 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:21 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | However, there is only one palatalized stopp: the voiceless alveolar one. | Brandão 2010:10 | |||
| Pemon | no | palatalization is not contrastive | Pessoa 2005 | |||
| Piapoco | no | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 55 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | yes | Y 36 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 187 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p22 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung 2000:140-3 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin, 1976, p. 58 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | allophonic palatalization does exist, some attributed to Makiritare Carib influence | Migliazza 1972: p.214 | palatalization of k before i, possible Makiritare feature. | ||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 | ||||
| Siona | no | Wheeler - 1970:19 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:17 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.12 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald 2003: 26 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 4-5 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no | there is a palatal stop though | Montes 2000:291 | |||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | yes | 315-6 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:30 | ||||
| Wajarri | yes | 17 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 7 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | no | Saint and Pike 1962:5-13 | But there is phonetic palatalized stops | |||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 32 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n66 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warnman | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | no | 16 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | maybe | 66 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | no | Loewen 1954:7 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Alvarez, 1985: p. 35 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 4 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes | K81 104-5 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | yes | 10, 11 | 1 | |||
| Wirangu | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 59 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 2-3 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990: | only allophonic | |||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 6,7 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | This is only restricted to the bilabial voiceless stop and the alveolar voiceless affricate | Fast 1953:192 | |||
| Yanomami | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 2 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987), p. 26 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 500 | 1 | |||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 41 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p.12 | ||||
| Yulparija | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 15 | 0 |
| Language |
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