| Cahuilla |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
3 |
Adjectives agree with nouns: masculine/feminine (neutralized in plural) |
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 35 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
0 |
|
Allin 1976: 150-176, 223 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
2 |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 19 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
2 |
There are three class markers that seem to appear with nouns, but two of them are "feminine." Adjectives agree in gender and only have masculine and feminine markers (no feminine examples are given to indicate whether adjective agreement is the same with |
Galindo, 2002: 130, 143 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
3 |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 41 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
3 |
Masculine, feminine, and plural (both genders). |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 49 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
36 |
Includes gender, use, place, shape… |
Santos, 2006:3 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
3 |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
2 |
feminine, non-feminine |
Aikhenvald 2003: 87 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
2 |
|
Facundes, 2000: 150 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
2 |
Masc./non-masc |
Mihas 2010:122 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:24 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:23-51 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
2 |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 294 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
3 |
masc., fem., neutral |
Launey 2003:97 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
2 |
non-masculine, masculine |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
6 |
Thiesen notes 3 main classes: concrete, abstract, and locative (which includes animates and inanimates). |
Seifart - 2005: 77; Thiesen - 1996:27 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
2 |
author refers to classes that only differ in the possessed form |
Hall 1988: 288 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
3 |
Class A, B and C. Class A is 'animate related'. Class B refers to all domestic animals. Class C includes kinship and body part nouns. |
Carson 1982: 56-57 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
6 |
long objects, flat objects, three-dimensional objects, liquids, containers, and objects with specialized holders |
Frank 1989:22 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
6 |
|
Bertoglia 1983:5 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Damana |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
3 |
Classes: masc, fem, inanimate (respectively) |
Queixalós 1998:31 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:43-45 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
4 |
These noun clasea are based on morphosyntactic criteria rather than on semantic criteria |
Overall 2007:137 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
0 |
|
Mortensen 1999:15-6 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:240 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Rojas:173-80, Jung:133-4 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:32-46 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
4 |
It seems that gender (feminine and masculine) and alienable and inalienable nouns are distinguished |
Montes 2004b:55-79, 121-152 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
7 |
1st class: almost entirely inanimates (places, fabricated things, generic class), 2nd class: almost entirely inanimates (long, stick-like objects are prevalent), 3rd class: divided into 4 subclasses, 0: all inanimates (round, hollow, or wet), 1: masculine |
Landaburu 1979: p.130-132 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
5 |
|
Deza Galindo 1992: 78 |
|
The classes given in Deza Galindo are proper, common, concrete, abstract, and despective. I'm not completely convinced that these are the kinds of noun classes we're looking for, but the title of the section is Noun Classes. |
|
| Kakua |
2 |
animate/inanimate |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
2 |
The ending indicating masculinity is '-ma' and for feminine is '-ngo' |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.31-32 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
0 |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
0 |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
0 |
male/female |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
7 |
|
Miller 1999, p.21 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
4 |
animante/inanimate; masc/fem |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 73 |
|
The inanimate nouns may be further classified as primitive (underived), deverbal concrete, or deverbal abstract. Animate nouns may be subdivided into human and nonhuman nouns. |
|
| Kotiria |
1 |
inanimate, masc., femine |
Stenzel 2004, p. 126 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
2 |
Animate (4) and Inanimate |
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-35 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
2 |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15 |
|
The animates are classified in humans and animals and inanimate, in which take a suffix to indicate the shape classifier or function of the object, and those who lack a classifier. |
|
| Barasano |
8 |
They are divided into eight classes with the most basic division being animate vs. inanimate. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.19 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
3 |
Nouns are categorized according to animacy, number, and gender. |
Strom 1992, p.10 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
1 |
Animate/inanimate, spatial/temporal, masculine/feminine |
Wheeler - 1970:95-96,140 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
3: masc. animate, fem. Animate, inanimate |
West and Welch 2004: various pages (37 in particular) |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
noun clasifiers, but not classes |
Ramirez 1994: p.123-124 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.119-120 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: p.144-147 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
0 |
|
Everett 2006:296 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
0 |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Zarratea 2002:121-41 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
0 |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
22, 25 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
4-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
46-47 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
N/A |
|
334 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
192 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
34 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
63-99 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
N/A |
|
149 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
N/A |
|
446 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
254 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
N/A |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
34; 38; 60 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
n/a |
|
46 |
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
136 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
8 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
78 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 122 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
43 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
35 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
N/A |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 11 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
34 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
N/A |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
881 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
N/A |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
32-3 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
N/A |
|
54 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
no info |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
38 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
165 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
2 |
animate/inanimate |
Payne and Payne 1990: |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
2 |
|
Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers |
|
|
|
