Number of noun classes/genders
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Gender and noun classification
- Notes
- Note the (approximate) total number of noun classes/genders
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | 3 | Adjectives agree with nouns: masculine/feminine (neutralized in plural) | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 35 | |||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | 4 | These noun clasea are based on morphosyntactic criteria rather than on semantic criteria | Overall 2007:137 | |||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | 7 | 1st class: almost entirely inanimates (places, fabricated things, generic class), 2nd class: almost entirely inanimates (long, stick-like objects are prevalent), 3rd class: divided into 4 subclasses, 0: all inanimates (round, hollow, or wet), 1: masculine | Landaburu 1979: p.130-132 | |||
| Apurinã | 2 | Facundes, 2000: 150 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 86 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | 2 | Masc./non-masc | Mihas 2010:122 | |||
| Añun | 2 | non-masculine, masculine | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | yes | 43 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | 2 | Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers | ||||
| Barasano | 8 | They are divided into eight classes with the most basic division being animate vs. inanimate. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.19 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | 2 | Aikhenvald, 1995: 19 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | 6 | Thiesen notes 3 main classes: concrete, abstract, and locative (which includes animates and inanimates). | Seifart - 2005: 77; Thiesen - 1996:27 | |||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | 6 | Bertoglia 1983:5 | ||||
| Cahuilla | 0 | |||||
| Central Aymara | 5 | Deza Galindo 1992: 78 | The classes given in Deza Galindo are proper, common, concrete, abstract, and despective. I'm not completely convinced that these are the kinds of noun classes we're looking for, but the title of the section is Noun Classes. | |||
| Chemehuevi | 2 | |||||
| Comanche | 0 | |||||
| Cubeo | 4 | animante/inanimate; masc/fem | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 73 | The inanimate nouns may be further classified as primitive (underived), deverbal concrete, or deverbal abstract. Animate nouns may be subdivided into human and nonhuman nouns. | ||
| Cupeño | 0 | |||||
| Damana | 0 | |||||
| Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Desano | 7 | Miller 1999, p.21 | ||||
| Dharawal | n/a | 46 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 34; 38; 60 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 32-3 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 25 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 44 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | 0 | male/female | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | no info | |||||
| Gabrielino | 0 | |||||
| Garrwa | yes | 4-5 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 8 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | |||||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 254 | 1 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | no | 0 | ||||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | 0 | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | 0 | |||||
| Ika | 6 | long objects, flat objects, three-dimensional objects, liquids, containers, and objects with specialized holders | Frank 1989:22 | |||
| Ingá | no info | |||||
| Jaru | no info | x | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | 2 | animate/inanimate | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | N/A | 71 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | 0 | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | 2 | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | 0 | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | 0 | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 52 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | 2 | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15 | The animates are classified in humans and animals and inanimate, in which take a suffix to indicate the shape classifier or function of the object, and those who lack a classifier. | |||
| Kotiria | 1 | inanimate, masc., femine | Stenzel 2004, p. 126 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | N/A | 446 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 78 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | N/A | 149 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | 0 | |||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:43-45 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:24 | ||||
| Makiritare | 2 | author refers to classes that only differ in the possessed form | Hall 1988: 288 | |||
| Makuna | 2 | Animate (4) and Inanimate | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-35 | |||
| Makushi | 3 | Class A, B and C. Class A is 'animate related'. Class B refers to all domestic animals. Class C includes kinship and body part nouns. | Carson 1982: 56-57 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Martuthunira | no | 63-99 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:240 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 34 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | 2 | The ending indicating masculinity is '-ma' and for feminine is '-ngo' | Minor and Minor 1982. p.31-32 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | 0 | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | 2 | Michael, 2008. p. 294 | ||||
| Narungga | N/A | 54 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 35 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | 0 | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.119-120 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | 0 | Mortensen 1999:15-6 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | 0 | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | 3 | masc., fem., neutral | Launey 2003:97 | |||
| Panyjima | yes | 136 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Zarratea 2002:121-41 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999 | ||||
| Piapoco | 2 | There are three class markers that seem to appear with nouns, but two of them are "feminine." Adjectives agree in gender and only have masculine and feminine markers (no feminine examples are given to indicate whether adjective agreement is the same with | Galindo, 2002: 130, 143 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 11 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 192 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no info | |||||
| Páez | no | Rojas:173-80, Jung:133-4 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:32-46 | ||||
| Resígaro | 0 | Allin 1976: 150-176, 223 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 34 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: p.144-147 | ||||
| Serrano | 0 | |||||
| Shoshone | 0 | |||||
| Sikuani | 3 | Classes: masc, fem, inanimate (respectively) | Queixalós 1998:31 | |||
| Siona | 1 | Animate/inanimate, spatial/temporal, masculine/feminine | Wheeler - 1970:95-96,140 | |||
| Southern Paiute | 2 | |||||
| Southern Ute | 2 | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | 3 | Nouns are categorized according to animacy, number, and gender. | Strom 1992, p.10 | |||
| Tariana | 2 | feminine, non-feminine | Aikhenvald 2003: 87 | |||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | no info | 15 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | 4 | It seems that gender (feminine and masculine) and alienable and inalienable nouns are distinguished | Montes 2004b:55-79, 121-152 | |||
| Timbisha | 0 | |||||
| Tukano | yes | 3: masc. animate, fem. Animate, inanimate | West and Welch 2004: various pages (37 in particular) | |||
| Uradhi | N/A | 334 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no info | |||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 38 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | 36 | Includes gender, use, place, shape… | Santos, 2006:3 | |||
| Warlpiri | no | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 881 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | N/A | 14 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Warungu | yes | 165 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 71 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | 3 | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | 0 | ||||
| Western Mono | 0 | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | FO 122 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 0 | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | 22, 25 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | 2 | animate/inanimate | Payne and Payne 1990: | |||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:23-51 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | noun clasifiers, but not classes | Ramirez 1994: p.123-124 | |||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | 3 | Masculine, feminine, and plural (both genders). | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 49 | |||
| Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 46-47 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | 3 | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 41 | ||||
| Yulparija | no | 0 | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
| Language |
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