Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | yes | There is a subclass of animates that receives the number and gender marking | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 22 | |||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:124-5 | Only four nouns are distinguished lexically for gender. | |||
Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
Andoke | yes | class 3-1: masculine animal, class 3-2: feminine animal | Landaburu 1979: p.131 | |||
Apurinã | yes | noun classes are masculine and feminine | Facunes, 2000: 218 | |||
Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
Arrernte | Yes | 86 | 1 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Masc./non-masc | Mihas 2010:122 | |||
Añun | yes | non-masculine, masculine | Patte 1989:54 | |||
Bandjalang | yes | 43 | 1 | |||
Baniwa | yes | Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers | ||||
Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.20 | ||||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | yes | Gender is only marked in predicate and head-modifier constructions | Aikhenvald, 1995: 19 | |||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | yes | "Gender is an inherent category in Baure, and it is mainly biological, not grammatical." | Danielsen 2007: p100 | |||
Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
Bilinarra | n/a | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
Biri | no info | x | ||||
Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:208 | ||||
Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no | Bertoglia 1983:3-13 | ||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | yes | Deza Galindo 1992: 75 | Gender does not however seem to be obligatorily marked on nouns. And I don't think it's marked on verbs at all. | |||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | yes | The most common noun gender/number suffixes used on human nouns are: -kɨ 'masculine singular', -ko 'feminine singular', and -wA 'plural.' | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 77 | |||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no | |||||
Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Desano | yes | for nonhuman animates sex is assumed as male unless the word for women is added | Miller 1999, p.21 | |||
Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | yes | 60 | 1 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 32-3 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 25 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | yes | 307 | 1 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no | 4-5 | 0 | |||
Githabul | yes | 8 | 1 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no | Alphonse 1956:3 | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 254 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no | Frank 1989:22 | ||||
Ingá | no | There is some evidence of grammatical gender, but data is inconclusive so far; will note this and return to the question once a more definite answer can be given | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | |||
Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no | 29 | 0 | |||
Karajarri | N/A | 71 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
Kaurna | N/A | 0 | ||||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
Kokatha | No | 52 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15-16 | ||||
Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 128 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 446-7 | 1 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
Kunjen | No | 78 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 83 | 1 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | yes | Masculine is unmarked. | Zamponi 2003:25-26 | |||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 287 | ||||
Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33 | ||||
Makushi | no | "Macuxi does not make productive use of grammatical gender." | Carson 1992: 77 | |||
Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
Martuthunira | no info | x | ||||
Mathi-Mathi | n/a | 0 | ||||
Matses | no | Fleck:240 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
Minica Witoto | yes | humans | Minor and Minor 1982. p.31-35 | Most nouns do not indicate gender, however; some are inherently masculine or feminine. These are usually distinguished by the endings of -a (masculine) or -o (feminine). | ||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | n/a | 0 | ||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 294 | ||||
Narungga | N/A | 54 | 0 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 35 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | N/A | 18 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.119-120 | ||||
Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:15-6 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:98-99 | ||||
Panyjima | no | 136 | 0 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | But most of the nouns have masculine gender and a noun with feminine gender has to be specified as such lexically in most cases | Zarratea 2002:121-41 | |||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 48 | ||||
Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 99 | ||||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 11 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 192 | 0 | |||
Puinave | yes | author states that this is restricted to human/human-like beings, however, the examples contradict this. (broadens to other animates as well) | Giron 2008: p185 | |||
Páez | no | Rojas:173-80, Jung:133-4 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:27 | ||||
Resígaro | n/a | Sex distinction in third-person pronouns, including incorporated pronouns that appear in the absence of a full NP subject, but these don't seem to be noun classes. | Allin 1976: 150-176, 223 | |||
Ritharrngu | No | 34 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: p. 144-151 | no mention of sex distinction | |||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | yes | masculine and feminine | Queixalós 1998:31 | |||
Siona | yes | masc, fem respectively | Wheeler 1987:106 | |||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.10 | ||||
Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald 2003: 87 | ||||
Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
Tharrkari | N/A | 15 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | yes | Feminine and masculine are distinguished where the feminine is the unmarked term | Montes 2005:137 | |||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004: various pages (37 in particular) | ||||
Uradhi | N/A | 334 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no info | |||||
Wajarri | No | 38 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | yes | 145 | 1 | |||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
Wangkumara | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006:139 | ||||
Warlpiri | n/a | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
Warnman | N/A | 14 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
Wathawurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Waunana | no info | |||||
Wayuu | yes | Masculine vs. non-masculine | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | n/a | 0 | ||||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | yes | FO 122 | 1 | |||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Woiwurrung | no | 0 | ||||
Worrorra | yes | 23-4 | 1 | |||
Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:446 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:253-66 | ||||
Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: p.142-151; p.112 | no gender distinctions in person/number clitics (p.112), no indication of gender distinctions in classifiers list starting on p.142 | |||
Yanyuwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36 | ||||
Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 46-47 | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 519 | ||||
Yulparija | N/A | 0 | ||||
Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
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