Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 22 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:124-5 | ||||
Alyawarr | n/a | 0 | ||||
Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: p.130-132 | ||||
Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 218 | ||||
Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
Arrernte | No | 86 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Gender distinction is straightforward for human nouns. However, animate nouns are usually masculine, and inanimate nouns are usually feminine, with many exceptions (including flora, which according to Asheninca legend were human at one time). | Payne 1981:13, 2234 | |||
Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | No | 43 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers | ||||
Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.19-21 | ||||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | no | The examples are only with animates. | Aikhenvald, 1995: 19 | |||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | yes | "Only feminine animates are considered grammatically feminine, and all other nouns are masculine."; "Inanimates are always referred to by unmarker masculine, while animates can also be unmarked for gender." | Danielsen 2007: p116-117 | |||
Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
Bilinarra | n/a | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
Biri | no info | x | ||||
Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:201-222 | ||||
Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no | Bertoglia 1983:3-13 | ||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | Deza Galindo 1992: 75 | ||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 79 | Most animals are by default masculine, but some are default feminine. A few animals simply lack masculine genders. | |||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no | |||||
Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Desano | no | Miller 1999, p.21 | ||||
Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no | 60 | 0 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 32-3 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 25 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | yes | 307 | 1 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no | 4-5 | 0 | |||
Githabul | No | 8 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no | Alphonse 1956:3 | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 254 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no | Frank 1989:22 | ||||
Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no | 29 | 0 | |||
Karajarri | N/A | 71 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
Kaurna | N/A | 0 | ||||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:79 | ||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
Kokatha | No | 52 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.18 | ||||
Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 139 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 446-7 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
Kunjen | No | 78 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 83 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
Maipure | yes | Masculine is unmarked. | Zamponi 2003:25-26 | |||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 287 | ||||
Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.34 | ||||
Makushi | no | Carson 1992: 77 | ||||
Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
Martuthunira | no info | x | ||||
Mathi-Mathi | n/a | 0 | ||||
Matses | no | Fleck:240 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.31-32 | Many names of insects and animals appear to be masculine or feminine but this is only coincidence. | Nouns that refer to animals or things generally do not take an ending that indicates gender. | ||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | n/a | 0 | ||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
Nanti | no | All animates are “feminine.” | Michael, 2008. p. 294 | |||
Narungga | N/A | 54 | 0 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 35 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | N/A | 18 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.119-120 | ||||
Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:15-6 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:98-99 | ||||
Panyjima | no | 136 | 0 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Zarratea 2002:121-41 | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 48 | ||||
Piapoco | no | All examples of inanimates seem to be masculine, unmarked gender. | Galindo, 2002: 99-101, 143-145 | |||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 11 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 192 | 0 | |||
Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p185 | ||||
Páez | no | Rojas:173-80, Jung:133-4 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:27 | ||||
Resígaro | n/a | No noun classes. | Allin 1976: 150-176, 223 | |||
Ritharrngu | No | 34 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: p.144-151 | no mention of sex distinction | |||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | no | Queixalós 1998:31 | ||||
Siona | no | Wheeler - 1970:95-96 | ||||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.10 | ||||
Tariana | no | All inanimates are classified based on their form or function. | Aikhenvald 2003: 87 | |||
Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
Tharrkari | No | 15 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no info | more likely yes | ||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004: various pages (37 in particular) | ||||
Uradhi | N/A | 334 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no info | |||||
Wajarri | No | 38 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | yes | 145 | 1 | |||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006:139 | ||||
Warlpiri | n/a | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
Warnman | N/A | 14 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
Wathawurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Waunana | no info | |||||
Wayuu | no | All examples of inanimates get singular, non-masculine marking. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | n/a | 0 | ||||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | no | FO 122 | 0 | |||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Woiwurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Worrorra | yes | 23 | 1 | |||
Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:446 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:253-66 | ||||
Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: p.142-151 | no indication of gender distinctions in noun classifier list | |||
Yanyuwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
Yavitero | no | The masculine gender is default, while feminine gender is assigned only to feminine animates. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36, 49 | |||
Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 46-47 | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | All gender examples are with animates, adjectives don't agree with inanimate nouns. | Shauer & Shauer 2000: 519, 520 | |||
Yulparija | N/A | 0 | ||||
Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
Language |
---|