Sex/gender distinction only in 3rd person pronouns
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Gender and noun classification
- Notes
- add in notes section whether gender is present in other PNs or not in any PNs; consider with reference to pronouns and person marking only
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 22 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:124-37 | ||||
| Alyawarr | n/a | 92 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | yes | only in 3-1 and 3-2 | Landaburu 1979: 131 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 218 | ||||
| Arabana | n/a | 110-119 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 101 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981:13, 2234 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 77 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers | ||||
| Barasano | yes | In the third person singular there is an animate/inanimate distinction as well as separate forms for masculine and feminine. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.31 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | "There is no clear distinction of human versus non-human or animate versus inanimate nouns in Baure, even though there remains the subgroup of human nouns with slightly different plural marking." | Danielsen 2007: p116-117 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:83 | ||||
| Bularnu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Bourland 1976:56 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Deza Galindo 1992: 80 | The gender distinction is not shown in any of the pronouns, not even the 3rd person | |||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 80 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | one 3rd person pn; sex is determined by including "man/woman" in the sentence, or by context | ||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 28 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 30 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 49-52 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 60-61 | 1 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 51 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 50 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Tosantos 1977:19-20 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 4-5 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 8 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:69 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 282 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 304 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:34 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1974:26 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 64-5 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | Silva 2011:147 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 81 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:300-1 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | N/A | 7-8 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:79 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no | Celedón 1886:13 | ||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | N/A | 48 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.31-32 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 161 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 446-7 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 87 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 83 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | no distinction in any form | Buenaventura - 1993:43 | |||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Gender is not distinguished even in the 3rd person. | Hall 1988: 282; Escoriaza 1959:12 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35 | Third person pronouns distinguish masculine and the feminine singular and plural. | |||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1992: 77 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 303 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 100-109 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no | Fleck:240 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 54 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.10 | gender distinction also found in the dual form (use of these pronouns is rare) | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | n/a | 90 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 295 | ||||
| Narungga | N/A | 54 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 4 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 124 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 76 | 0 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | no gender distinction | Cruz 2011:146 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez, p.47, 49 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:42-3 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | d51 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:65 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 157 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:28 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 12 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | All pronouns can take gender markers. | Galindo, 2002: 99, 143 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 11 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 194 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p185 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung:133-4 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Gender is not distinguished in person pronouns | Parker 1965:35 | |||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin, 1976: 100 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990: p.149-151 | no mention of sex distinction | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | Applies to both singular and plural. | Queixalós 1998:21 | |||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:135-136 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.34 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Other pronouns distinguish gender as well. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 87 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 15 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Gender is also distinguished in nouns | Montes 2004b:61 | |||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | West and Welch 2004: 19-20; Ramirez 1997: 123 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 334 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:213 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 38 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | n/a | r1-6 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | However, there is a honorific third person female form | Zander:94 | |||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006: 160 | ||||
| Warlpiri | n/a | LG165 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 907 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | N/A | 14 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | N/A | 27 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | n/a | 175 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Waunana | no | Gender is not distinguished in pronouns | Mejía 2000:91 | |||
| Wayuu | yes | No other pronouns are marked for gender, although gender is a category elsewhere. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes | FO 121-2 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 71 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | ms7.2 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | n/a | 16 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | It seems that gender is not distinguished in nouns either | Duff-Tripp 1997:61 | |||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez, 1994: p.112 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 12 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 41 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 71-73 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no info | 508 | x | |||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:93 | ||||
| Yingkarta | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Elements of noun phrases also are distinguished by gender, but no other pronouns do. | Shauer & Shauer 2000: 518 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 29-30 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries