Phonemic vowel length
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
- Does the language have long and short vowels?
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 16 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:32 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:42 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 25-7 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979, p.38 | ||||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 55 | ||||
| Arabana | no? | 48, 51 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 61 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Mihas 2010:45 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001:30 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.8-17 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 5 | ||||
| Batyala | Yes | 2 | 1 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p33 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 20 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | no? | 2.1.3 | 0 | |||
| Biri | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:32-33 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1982:34-5 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Vowel length seems to affect the interpretation of verbs quite a bit (Deza Galindo 1992: 56). | Gomez 1992: 23 | Gomez (1992: 23) indicates that lengthened vowels, despite being rare, are indeed phonemes. | ||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.2-3 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | maybe | 12-13 | 1 | |||
| Desano | no | not indicated/expected | Miller 1999, p. 9-15 | |||
| Dharawal | yes | 24-28 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 21-22; 24 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | xxv, 19 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 19 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 271 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | corresponds to tone | Martins 2004:55 | |||
| Eñepa | no info | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 2 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:23-30 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | Xix, 248 | 1 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 283 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no | 0 | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 37 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 20 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:11 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1976:23 | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 23 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Texeira 1988:26 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:15 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 19 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:65 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:106-110 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.1-6 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Waltz p. 34 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 377 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:15 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988:215; 255 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993,p. 23,28-29 | some opinions that vowel length is phonemic. Elongated vowels only occur in final break in the data collected and seem to focus, rest or hesitation. | |||
| Makushi | yes | Abbott 1991: 143 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 283 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 28 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 64 | 0 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:93 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | e.g. rɨngo 'woman' - rɨɨngo 'big frog' minimal pair | Minor and Minor 1982. p. 2 | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | Barbosa 2005:49-50 | ||||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 221 | ||||
| Narungga | No info | 28 | x | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 17 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:34 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:16-7 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | d32 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | yes | 32-33 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:28 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 132-133 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:15-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:11 | ||||
| Pemon | yes | Pessoa 2005:58 | Tuarepang dialect | |||
| Piapoco | yes | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 55 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 35-36 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 36 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 188 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p23 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:37 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin, 1976, p. 53-58 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Migliazza 1972: p. 38-39 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | not apparent when using diphthongs or triphthongs | de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985: 9-10 | |||
| Siona | no | Siona template form Daniel | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:18 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | I checked Gaviria and found NO evidence (although it is not as clear a source; p.75-85 in Gav.) | Strom; 1992; p.12 | |||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhencald 2003: 32 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 6 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2000:291 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 318 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:55-8 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 26 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | ch 2 | 0 | |||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 6 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | yes | Saint and Pike 1962:15 | ||||
| Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006:34 | ||||
| Warlpiri | yes | n65 | 1 | |||
| Warluwarra | yes | 829 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 6 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 1 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | However, Binder et all (1995:172) suggest that length is constrastive. This is also suggested by Sanchez and Castro (1977:33) | Loewen 1954:7 | |||
| Wayuu | yes | Alvarez, 1985: p. 40 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 13 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | K81 105, 109 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Wirangu | yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | maybe | 62 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 2 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:432 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 19-20 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Fast 1953:191 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987), p. 26 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 10 | 1 | |||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 501 | 1 | |||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:25 | ||||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 43 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p.12 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 17 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 2 | 1 |
| Language |
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