Classifiers used as derivational suffixes to derive nouns
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Gender and noun classification
- Notes
- Verb + classifier = 'thing for doing V, thing that does V, etc.'
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 62 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | no | 0 | ||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:208-14 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Deverbal nouns derived using other suffixes. | Facundes, 2000: 214-215 | |||
| Arabana | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 87 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1981; Payne 1983 | ||||
| Añun | no info | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 36 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Aikhenvald 2001 Baniwa classifiers | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Verbs may also have derivational suffixes which form nouns or adverbs. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.5 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | n/a | Aikhenvald, 1995: 21 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | There is a suffix which can nominalize a verb however it isn't a classifier, it isn't used with every verb, and "cannot be considered to be very productive". | Danielsen 2007: p191 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | yes | In addition to V+classifier, suffixes can be used on nouns derive new nouns. Since there are 72 classifiers, new nouns can easily be formed. | Seifart - 2005:58-59, 201-222 | |||
| Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 236 | Aymara does have derivational suffixes that make verbs nouns, but I'm pretty sure those aren't classifiers. | |||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Deverbal animate nouns may be formed with the animate nonfuture active nominalizers or with the passive nominalizers . | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 88-90 | The animate noun põ˜e- 'person' plus a gender/number suffix may also be suffixed to a verb, forming an agentive deverbal noun meaning 'one who does X'. | ||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | |||||
| Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Desano | yes | There are several derivational suffixes in Desano that are used to derive verbs from nouns. The most productive is -kɨ that makes a possessive verb out of a noun. | Miller 1999, p. 110, 36 | Nouns are simple nouns or forms derived from verbs by the addition of the deverbilizers -ri and -ro to form inanimate nouns, and the nominalizing suffixes -gi (masc sing), -go (fem sing), and -rã (animate plural) to form animate nouns. | ||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | N/A | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | n/a | 25 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 81-85 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | unclear | Martins 2004:129 | |||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 26 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:99-146 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1989:39-59 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | N/A | 71 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
| Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010 | ||||
| Kokatha | N/A | 52 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Some illustrative nouns derived from verbal radicals. | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.18, 27 | A verb or noun clause can be a suffix added to the verb. | ||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2007:130 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 445 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 111 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 208 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | animate and inanimate classifiers suffixed to verb derive nouns | Buenaventura - 1993:50 | |||
| Maipure | no | Something similar is achieved by using certain suffixes (which are not classifiers) or by a special noun-verb compounding (which is not intransitivizing). | Zamponi 2003:27-30 | |||
| Makiritare | no info | Escoriaza 1959 | ||||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35 | verb + gender-number classifier = noun | |||
| Makushi | yes | nominalizers: '-toʔ' (gerundive), '-kói', plural '-kon' (perfermer of the verb), '-eŋ' (actor/one who), 'n-eŋ' (agentive), 'tɨ-…-s-eŋ' (patient, reflexive patient) | Carson 1982: 61-4 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.98-99 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Classifiers can be used with verbs, but they classify the notional subject of an intransitive or the notional object of a transitive. | Michael, 2008. p. 332 | |||
| Narungga | N/A | 54 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | N/A | 35 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | N/A | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.120 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:15-6 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Zarratea 2002:121-41 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | The one classifier on nouns is identified as having a derivational function, although only one example is given. | Galindo, 2002: 100 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 192 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p183, 245 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:27, 32-46 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | From the examples, it looks as though verbs must first take a nominalizing suffix before the classifier can be added. | Allin, 1976: 153-163 | |||
| Ritharrngu | N/A | 34 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | Queixalós 2000:175 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:101-110 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | The affix -ri occurs after a verb root and has the function of deverbalization | Strom 1992, p.41-42 | |||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald 2003: 172 | ||||
| Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Tharrkari | N/A | 15 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Classifiers are nouns which can be joined with other to derive other nouns. It is not clear if this happens with verbs and classifiers. | Montes 2004b:55-79, 121-152 | |||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | especially with classifier suffix -sehé | Ramirez 1997: 282 | |||
| Uradhi | N/A | 334 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no info | |||||
| Wajarri | No | 38 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006:125 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
| Warnman | N/A | 14 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Waunana | yes | Loewen 1954:72-76 | ||||
| Wayuu | n/a | Mansen & Captain, 2000 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Worrorra | yes? | ms4.1.2 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Classifiers are used as nouns in NN compounding | Duff-Tripp 1997:38, 253-66 | |||
| Yanomami | no info | Ramirez 1994 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Not listed under derivational processes. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 46-48 | |||
| Yawuru | no | 0 | ||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no info | Shauer & Shauer, 2000; Shauer & Shauer, 1978 | ||||
| Yulparija | N/A | 0 | ||||
| Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
| Language |
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