Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | yes | There is a singular marker on inalienable nouns (animates). | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 63 | |||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 48 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:124, 195-7 | more likely no | |||
Alyawarr | no | 85 | 0 | |||
Andoke | no info | |||||
Apurinã | no | No discussion of singular marker among number markers. | Facundes, 2000: 260-263 | |||
Arabana | no | 64-5 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | No | 89 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Only plurality is marked on the noun. Reference to singular nouns is marked on the verb, otherwise. | Payne 1981:2527 | |||
Añun | no | Only plurality is marked on the noun. Reference to singular nouns is marked on the verb, otherwise. | Patte 1989 | |||
Bandjalang | No | 39 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | yes | Nouns which refer to collections are inherently plural and require a singularizing suffix to refer to a single member. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.20 | |||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 18 | ||||
Batyala | No | 4 | 0 | |||
Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p127 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
Biri | no info | x | ||||
Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:235; Thiesen - 1996:43 | ||||
Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no | Bourland 1976:54 | ||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 239, 240, 248, 249 | ||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.73-80 | ||||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | no info | |||||
Darkinyung | no | 17-18 | 0 | |||
Desano | yes | Collective animate nouns require the singularizing suffix -bɨ̃́˜ to refer to a single member. Some inherently plural inanimate nouns take the same singularizing suffix as the classifier for that category. | Miller 1999, p. 23, 53 | some inherently plural animate nouns have singularizing suffixes | ||
Dharawal | no | 47 | 0 | |||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 47 | 0 | |||
Djinang | No | 86 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | no | 40-42 | 0 | |||
Dyirbal | No | 241 | 0 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | no | no singular marker | Payne 2012 | |||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
Githabul | No | 11 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no info | more likely not | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | n/a | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | no | 277 | 0 | |||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | No | 312 | 0 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 55 | 0 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26 | 0 | |||
Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no | Frank 1989:39-59 | ||||
Ingá | no | not noted in the data | Levinson 1974:26 | |||
Jaru | no | 233, 234 | 0 | |||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no | 80 | 0 | |||
Karajarri | No | 144 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296 | ||||
Katthang | no | 42 | 0 | |||
Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:160 | ||||
Kokatha | No | 54 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.17-18 | generic (given to a classifier when referring to specific individuals or pluralities) | |||
Kotiria | yes | animate, non-human, collective nouns are marked by suffix -kiro and inanimate mass nouns are marked by a partitive suffix | Stenzel 2004, p. 128 & 139 | |||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 421 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 55 | 0 | |||
Kunjen | No info | x | ||||
Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 213 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | no info | ke- could be a quantifier instead of a singular marker | Buenaventura - 1993:52 | from "ken," meaning "one" | ||
Maipure | no | Singular number is unmarked. | Zamponi 2003:25 | |||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 306 | ||||
Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.34 | ||||
Makushi | no | Carson 1982:73-77 | ||||
Mapudungun | no | unmarked for for singulars | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | |||
Marrgany | No | 312 | 0 | |||
Martuthunira | no info | x | ||||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 74 | 0 | |||
Matses | no info | However, it seems that singular number is not marked morphologically (Fleck:231-321) | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 39 | 0 | |||
Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.33 | Generally, the singular is the simplest form of the noun. | |||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | yes | 49 | 1 | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
Nanti | no | Two plural suffixes, no singular suffix described. | Michael, 2008. p. 297 | |||
Narungga | No | 66 | 0 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | No | 29 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | No | 11 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No | 6 | 0 | |||
Ngiyambaa | yes | 99-101 | 1 | |||
Nhanta | no | 58 | 0 | |||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:164 | ||||
Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez | no evidence of this | |||
Northern Emberá | no info | |||||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | yes | 81-82 | 1 | |||
Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | no info | x | ||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:65 | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 49 | ||||
Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 103 | ||||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | No | G 93 | 0 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | No | 201 | 0 | |||
Puinave | yes | singular only marked on agent (-m) [plural marker for agent (-t)] | Giron 2008: p191 | |||
Páez | yes | The plural number is only marked in dative nouns. What is more, number in nouns is marked with a portmanteau morpheme which also marks case. | Jung:131 | |||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:26 | ||||
Resígaro | yes | Some nouns are basically plural and can only carry number suffixes if they are first "singularized" by using a classifier. | Allin, 1976: 151 | |||
Ritharrngu | No | 29 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no info | |||||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | yes | Occur with all types of nouns. | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:161-167 | |||
Siona | no | Wheeler 1987 | ||||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.46-47 | ||||
Tariana | no | The overview of noun structure does not include a singular number marker. Classifiers can be used for singular reference of a non-singular noun (such as "paper"). | Aikhenvald, 2003: 83, 164 | |||
Thanggati | no | 18-19 | 0 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 23 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:60 | ||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | yes | can be used with any animal that typically lives in groups. Plural number can also be marked on these nouns. Mass nouns can take partitive suffix -ro. | West and Welch 2004: 78; Ramirez 1997: 206, 210 | |||
Uradhi | No | 353 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no | Olawsky:157 | ||||
Wajarri | No | 68 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | yes | r2, r28 | 1 | |||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006: 143 | ||||
Warlpiri | no | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
Warnman | No | 25 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | No | 35 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | No | 27 | 0 | |||
Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
Waunana | no | Sánchez and Castro 1977:117-8 | ||||
Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 796-800 | ||||
Wemba-Wemba | no | H 26 | 0 | |||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | no info | FO 136 | x | |||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | No | 42-3 | 0 | |||
Woiwurrung | no | 0 | ||||
Worrorra | no | ms9.1 | 0 | |||
Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:446 | ||||
Yalarnnga | no | 32-3 | 0 | |||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:26-8 | ||||
Yanomami | no info | Ramirez 1994 | ||||
Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36 | ||||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 51 | 0 | |||
Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | no | 59-60 | 0 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 519 | ||||
Yulparija | No | 19 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | No | 43 | 0 |
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