| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 116 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
First- and third-person plural pronouns are suppletive. The second-person plural uses the 2nd person singular and a plural marker, but it seems specific to pronouns, distinct from the nominal plural, although it is used to indicate agreement on verbs. |
Galindo, 2002: 160, 184 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
1st and 2nd pronominal plurals are completely suppletive. The third-person plural uses the third-person singular form plus another morpheme -ni, but this isn't the same plural marker used elsewhere. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 41 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos, 2006: 185 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
Plural pronouns are suppletive. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797-798 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
Aikhenvald notes that plural marking in pronouns is distinct from that in nouns, although pronouns with a derivational classifier take the same plural marker as a noun with a classifier. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 164-165, 204 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
Not for subject/object marking or possessive prefixes |
Facundes, 2000: 345-355 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Plural forms with augmentative -ite |
Mihas 2010:159,160 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:21 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:61 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007:317 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 297 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
differing set of plural pronouns |
Launey 2003:65 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
different pronouns for plural |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:55 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 282 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Carson 1982: 89 |
|
*This seems a bit odd to me- pronouns using the inanimate plural marker rather than the animate one- re-read section and still got same conclusion |
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
certain pronouns have -ton or -kon endings |
Payne 2012:88-89 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 12 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
yes |
plural enclitic |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1990:26 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no |
|
Celedón 1886:13 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no |
|
Bourland 1976:54-56 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
But only for third person animate |
Alphonse 1956:4, Quesada 2008:70 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
for first and second person |
Queixalós 2000:13 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:124, 195-7 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:42-3 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
Except for the first person plural pronoun |
Levinson 1978:6 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:242 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
However, this language distinguishes between singular, dual and plural personal pronouns which are expressed by more-or-less supletive pronoun forms |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 96-99 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:136 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
But this strategy is only used for 2nd and 3rd person; 1st person plural distinguishes between inclusive and exclusive which have suppletive forms. |
Parker 1965:35 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:88-89 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:213 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p170, 191 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 248 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011:146 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.15-16 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 30 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
3rd pronouns are derived from anaphoric particle root 'ti+' the noun class marker- in the 3P the animate plural class marker is used |
Stenzel 2004, p. 161 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-36 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.31-32 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.31 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.60 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
Each pronoun, including plurals, has its own form. There are no affixes for plurality for pronouns. |
Wheeler - 1987:135-136 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997: 322 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
no number marked on non-possessive forms, number marked on 1st person inclusive dual and plural and on second person dual and plural with suffixes that are unique to possessive pronouns |
Ramirez 1994: 209-210 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.50-51 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: p.150 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):7-8 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
It is not stated but it seems that 1st person plural inclusive and 2pl are form by adding /-tʃa/ to the respective singular form and the final nasal of the singular forms is deleted but it leaves compensatoy lenghtening in the vowel as well as nasalizatio |
Everett 2006:296, 303 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:147 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Ayala 1996:28 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
25, ms7.2 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
BS151, n24 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
63 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
73 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
not done yet |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
12 |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
87, 93 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 37-8 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
353 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
194 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
58, 76-77 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
123 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
90 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
303 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
213 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
n/a |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
421 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
7-8 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
31-2, 80-1 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
64-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
282 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
43 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
41; 61 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no |
|
49-52 |
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
28-29 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
50 |
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
24, 32 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
110, 113 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
92-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
90 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
40-41 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
64 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
156-157, 149-150 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
92-93 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
304 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
87, 91 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
FO 136, 138 |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
151 |
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
515 |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
89 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
144 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 18 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
881 |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
51-2 |
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
5.1.1 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
58 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
68 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
175, 230 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
