Phonemic glottalization/laryngealization of vowels
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
Language |
Feature Status |
Grammatical Notes |
Source |
Etymology Notes |
General Notes |
Phylogenetic Code |
Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
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Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
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Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
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Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
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Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 16 |
|
|
|
Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976, p. 70-71 |
|
|
|
Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 5 |
|
|
|
Piapoco |
no |
|
Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 55 |
|
|
|
Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p.5-6 |
|
|
|
Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi (1987), p. 26 |
|
|
|
Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006:34 |
|
|
|
Wayuu |
no |
|
Alvarez, 1985: p. 25 |
|
|
|
Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhencald 2003: 32 |
|
|
|
Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 55 |
|
|
|
Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1980:710 |
|
|
|
Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:15-16 |
|
|
|
Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Fast 1953:191 |
|
|
|
Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007: p39-49 |
|
|
|
Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 225 |
|
|
|
Paresi |
no |
|
Brandão 2010:11 |
|
|
|
Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:32-46 |
|
|
|
Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 214-260 |
|
|
|
Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 140-148 |
|
|
|
Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012:42 |
|
|
|
Pemon |
no |
|
Pessoa 2005 |
|
|
|
Guna |
no |
|
Smith |
|
|
|
Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1990:11 |
|
|
|
Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
Cabecar |
no |
|
Margery 1982:34-5 |
|
|
|
Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:30 |
|
|
|
Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 |
|
|
|
Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:40 |
|
|
|
Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Aguirre 1999:16-7 |
|
Chamí |
|
Waorani |
no |
|
Saint and Pike 1962:15 |
|
|
|
Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1978:1 |
|
|
|
Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:72 |
|
|
|
Mapudungun |
no |
|
Salas 1992, p.73-92 |
|
|
|
Páez |
yes |
|
Jung 2000:140-3 |
|
|
|
Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:11 |
|
|
|
Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2000:291 |
|
|
|
Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:51 |
|
|
|
Waunana |
no |
However, Binder et all (1995:172) suggest that there are aspirated voiceless stops |
Loewen 1954:7 |
|
|
|
Andoke |
no |
uncertain |
Landaburu 1979, p.35-36 |
|
very confusing. Check. |
|
Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p23 |
|
|
|
Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 83 to 85 |
|
|
|
Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
Kaingang |
no |
|
Texeira 1988:26 |
|
|
|
Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.1-6 |
|
not indicated/expected |
|
Hup |
no |
phonetic effect of vocalic laryngealization when preceded by a glottalized C |
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
unclear |
Barbosa 2005 |
|
|
|
Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004:55-58 |
|
|
|
Desano |
no |
not indicated/expected |
Miller 1999, p. 9-15 |
|
|
|
Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.2-3 |
|
Only nasal variance. |
|
Kotiria |
no |
glottalization is a suprasegmental feature |
Waltz p. 32/ Stenzel 63, 95 |
|
|
|
Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.24-26 |
|
not indicated/expected |
|
Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.11-13 |
|
|
|
Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.8-17 |
|
|
|
Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.11-22 |
|
|
|
Siona |
yes |
Laryngealization occurs thoughout the articulation of adjacent vowels |
Wheeler - 1962:103 |
|
|
|
Tukano |
no |
|
West and Welch 2004 |
|
no evidence for this |
|
Yanomami |
no |
|
Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 |
|
|
|
Ninam |
no |
|
Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 |
|
|
|
Sanumá |
no |
|
Migliazza 1972: p. 38-39 |
|
|
|
Surui |
no |
|
Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:17 |
|
|
|
Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:15-17 |
|
|
|
Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:34 |
|
|
|
Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:15-7 |
|
|
|
Aché |
no |
|
Rossler 2008:31 |
|
|
|
Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:106-110 |
|
|
|
Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Worrorra |
no |
|
2-3 |
|
|
0 |
Garrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Warlpiri |
no |
|
n65 |
|
|
0 |
Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
43 |
|
|
0 |
Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yanyuwa |
no |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
Yandruwandha |
no |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yalarnnga |
no |
|
9,10 |
|
|
0 |
Woiwurrung |
no |
|
62 |
|
|
0 |
Wirangu |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 15 |
|
|
0 |
Warumungu |
No |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
Wangkumara |
no |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
Uradhi |
No |
|
317 |
|
|
0 |
Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
187 |
|
|
0 |
Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Nyungar |
no |
|
d32 |
|
|
0 |
Nhanta |
no |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
Ngayawang |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Muruwari |
no |
|
30-35 |
|
|
0 |
Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
Martuthunira |
no |
|
25-50 |
|
|
0 |
Marrgany |
No |
|
283 |
|
|
0 |
Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
376-378 |
|
|
0 |
Kaurna |
No |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
Kalkatungu |
no |
|
5-6b |
|
|
0 |
Jaru |
no |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
37 |
|
|
0 |
Gureng Gureng |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
xix |
|
|
0 |
Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
Dyirbal |
No |
|
271 |
|
|
0 |
Duungidjawu |
no |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
Djinang |
No |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dharawal |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Darkinyung |
no |
|
12-13 |
|
|
0 |
Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Biri |
no |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Batyala |
No |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yulparija |
No |
|
17 |
|
|
0 |
Wathawurrung |
no |
|
67 |
|
|
0 |
Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
63 |
|
|
0 |
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
Thanggati |
no |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
Katthang |
no |
|
17 |
|
|
0 |
Panyjima |
no |
|
132-133 |
|
|
0 |
Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
Kurrama |
no |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Githabul |
No |
|
2 |
|
|
0 |
Gunya |
No |
|
283 |
|
|
0 |
Kunjen |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
WesternTorres |
no |
|
K81 104 |
|
|
0 |
Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Bandjalang |
No |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
Arrernte |
No |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
Kokatha |
No |
|
8 |
|
|
0 |
Karajarri |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 36 |
|
|
0 |
Ritharrngu |
No |
|
8 |
|
|
0 |
Warrgamay |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Warnman |
No |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
Djapu |
no |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
Bilinarra |
no |
|
2.1.3 |
|
|
0 |
Wiradjuri |
no |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
Narungga |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
Tharrkari |
No |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
Wajarri |
No |
|
25 |
|
|
0 |
Warungu |
no |
|
1 |
|
|
0 |
Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:432 |
|
|
|
Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|