Phonemic glottalization/laryngealization of vowels
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 16 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:31 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:40 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | uncertain | Landaburu 1979, p.35-36 | very confusing. Check. | ||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 55 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | No | 61 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1980:710 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 13 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.8-17 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 5 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p39-49 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 2.1.3 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:32-46 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no | Margery 1982:34-5 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 83 to 85 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.2-3 | Only nasal variance. | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 12-13 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | not indicated/expected | Miller 1999, p. 9-15 | |||
| Dharawal | no | 0 | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 19 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 19 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 271 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004:55-58 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012:42 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Githabul | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:30 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | xix | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith | ||||
| Gunya | No | 283 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no | 0 | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 37 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 20 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | phonetic effect of vocalic laryngealization when preceded by a glottalized C | Epps 2008 | |||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:11 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:1 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Texeira 1988:26 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 5-6b | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:15-17 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 17 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:106-110 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 8 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.11-13 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | glottalization is a suprasegmental feature | Waltz p. 32/ Stenzel 63, 95 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 376-378 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 16 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:15-16 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 214-260 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.24-26 | not indicated/expected | |||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 140-148 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 283 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 25-50 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 63 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:72 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 23 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.1-6 | not indicated/expected | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 30-35 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | unclear | Barbosa 2005 | |||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 225 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | no | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 15 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 19 | 0 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:34 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:16-7 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | d32 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 132-133 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:15-7 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:11 | ||||
| Pemon | no | Pessoa 2005 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 55 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 36 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 187 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p23 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung 2000:140-3 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976, p. 70-71 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 8 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Migliazza 1972: p. 38-39 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 | ||||
| Siona | yes | Laryngealization occurs thoughout the articulation of adjacent vowels | Wheeler - 1962:103 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:17 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.11-22 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhencald 2003: 32 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 6 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 3 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2000:291 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 317 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:51 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 25 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 6 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | Saint and Pike 1962:15 | ||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006:34 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n65 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 10 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 1 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | However, Binder et all (1995:172) suggest that there are aspirated voiceless stops | Loewen 1954:7 | |||
| Wayuu | no | Alvarez, 1985: p. 25 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 15 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | K81 104 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no | 9 | 0 | |||
| Wirangu | No | 35 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 62 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 2-3 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:432 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 9,10 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Fast 1953:191 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Migliazza 1972: p.38-39 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 2 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987), p. 26 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 43 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p.5-6 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 19 | 0 |
| Language |
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