Marker of definiteness distinct from demonstratives
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Definiteness and clusivity
- Notes
- Focus on articles/markers whose primary function is to mark definiteness
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 67 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:243-69 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | yes | if you count 3rd person pn repeated use as a marker of definiteness. | Landaburu 1979: 135 | |||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 356 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 0 | ||||
| Arrernte | Yes | 105 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981; Payne 1982; Payne 1983 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.32 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 | ||||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | te = DEM1m (this [one]); tetʃ = DEM2m (that [one]) | Danielsen 2007: p313 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 1.1000000000000000888 | 0 | |||
| Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:126 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | no | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Deza Galindo 1992: 84, 85 | Indefiniteness is marked by indefinite pronouns | |||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 82-84 | ||||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 24-25 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 31 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no info | x | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | Yes | 99 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 56 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 44-5 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | no marker of definiteness | Payne 2012:272 | |||
| Gabrielino | no | |||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:49-96 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 274 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 304 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 72 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 35 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | no | |||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:33 | ||||
| Ingá | no | The third person pronoun can also be used as a marker of definiteness to show respect for the referent | Levinson 1974:13 | |||
| Jaru | no | 61-3 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 96 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 246 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no info | Everett 2006:296-317 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 50 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | no | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | demonstratives used for definiteness | Vallejos 2010:218 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 49 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.41-42 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | re, the object marker, codes definiteness as one of its semantic components | Stenzel 2004, p. 223 | |||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 388 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 49 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 82-100 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 287 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | no | |||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003:22 | ||||
| Makiritare | no info | author does not discuss definiteness | Hall 1988; Escoriaza 1959 | |||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33-36 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982: 64-68 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 304 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 109-121 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 92 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 51-52 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.10, 94 | There are six classes of pronouns in huitoto: the personal, the indefinite ones, the possessive ones, the demonstrativos, relative and the interrogatory ones. | |||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 50, 80 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | They use the same phonological form. | Michael, 2008. p. 304-306 | |||
| Narungga | No info | x | ||||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 26 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 128 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 47, 49, 72 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:262 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no info | |||||
| Northern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:102 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 151 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 88 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | G 33 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p174 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:32-46 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | No articles identified, only demonstratives. | Allin, 1976: 198-200 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 49 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | |||||
| Serrano | no | |||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | no | demonstrative marks definiteness | Queixalós 1998:68 | |||
| Siona | no | demonstratives mark definiteness | Wheeler 1987:119-120 | |||
| Southern Paiute | no | |||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.51 | ||||
| Tariana | no | There are "specifier" articles and demnstratives, but no definiteness markers. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 204-208 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 30-33 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 16 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:45-100 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | no | no definite marker | Ramirez 1997 | no evidence for this | ||
| Uradhi | No | 357 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no info | |||||
| Wajarri | No | 81 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n24 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 41 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 31 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 84 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | Demonstratives are separate words, definite articles are suffixed to the noun or the verb in a relative clause. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797, 799 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 57-8 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no | m286 | 0 | |||
| Wirangu | No | 87-90 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | ms4.1 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | yes | a set of person enclitics and word order can mark definiteness | Payne and Payne 1990:453 | |||
| Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:53 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | indefinite (non-specific) verbal particle/pronoun | Ramirez 1994: 177-178 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 7 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 50 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 71-75 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | author only describes one article | Matteson 1965:128 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no info | Articles/demonstratives not discussed among other word classes. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 32 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 91 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries