| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
There seem to be both inclusive and exclusive pronominal roots, but only the inclusive pronominal root is identified as binding to the verb to indicate the subject. |
Allin, 1976: 176-177 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 158-159 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 42 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: 60-62 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006: 159 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Plural pronouns can optionally distinguish gender by using a feminine classifier. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 122 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 380 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Particularly apparent in 1st person. |
Payne 1983:9195 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:71-5 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007:174-5 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
1st person singular and 1st person plural exclusive take same form, 1st person plural inclusive is distinct. |
Michael, 2008. p. 267 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
|
Rowan 1978:vii |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Launey 2003:68 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Wise 1986:586 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:52-55 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988:282 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
|
Gildea 1989:10 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999: 110 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1989; Frank ? |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
there is no person marking on verbs |
Quesada 2008:99-146 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
inclusive only a suffix -ch, exclusive a prefix pa- and a suffix -ᵾ |
Buenaventura - 1993:43 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:362 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
Verbs do not show pronominal affixes |
Mortensen 1999:59 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1978:11-23 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:401 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 102-94 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:81-7 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:23 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
But this just happens in one dialect which seems to be an archaic one. It seems that it is most common not to have this distincion in verbal marking. |
Montes 2004b:101-120 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:489-90 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
no person inflection |
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
not indicated/expected |
Minor and Minor 1982. p.31-35 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 63-87 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 82 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2007 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.47 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993 31-33 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.37 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
The forms occur prefixed to the verb root that begins with a consonant. Before a vowel, the last vowel of the prefix may be deleted or assimilated. |
Strom 1992, p.36 |
|
The rules differ somewhat for each morpheme. |
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:138-168 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
West and Welch 2004: 25-26 |
|
inferred from examples |
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994: 101 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.50-51 |
|
based on data for "short form PNs"; it's debatable whether these are bound or not |
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: p.150 |
|
based on data for "short form PNs"; it's debatable whether these are bound or not |
|
| Surui |
yes |
|
Van der Meer (?):9 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
Number is ocasionally marked on the verb when aspect markers occur. This does not frequently happen. |
Everett 2006:348-57 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:133-134 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Zarratea 2002:83 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no |
|
Rossler 2008:73-74 |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
no verbal inflection |
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
Appendix 3 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
83 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
91 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
230 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 41 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
N/A |
|
352 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
N/A |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
104-110; 114-115 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
123 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
118, 174 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
N/A |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
136-152 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
87 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
399 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
7-8 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
36 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
yes? |
|
68 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
n/a |
|
341 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Maybe |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
139 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
51-52 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
maybe |
|
35-6 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
130 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
n/a |
|
48-9 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
30 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
78 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
90 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
n/a |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
169 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
N/A |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
143 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
100 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
N/A |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
236 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 22 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
N/A |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
62 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
73 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
N/A |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:361 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
