Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 |
|
|
|
Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 176 |
|
|
|
Bare |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 |
|
|
|
Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 184 |
|
|
|
Yukuna |
yes |
|
Shauer & Shauer 2000: p. 518 |
|
|
|
Yavitero |
yes |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 41, 48 |
|
|
|
Wapishana |
yes |
Masculine/Feminine |
Santos, 2006: 185 |
|
|
|
Wayuu |
yes |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 796 |
|
|
|
Tariana |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 177 |
|
|
|
Apurinã |
yes |
|
Facundes, 2000: 345-346 |
|
|
|
Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
|
Payne 1981:34; Payne 1983:9192 |
|
|
|
Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:21 |
|
|
|
Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:61 |
|
|
|
Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
Baure |
yes |
"In these pronouns and clitics gender is only distinguished in 3SG" |
Danielsen 2007: p116 |
|
|
|
Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael 2008. p. 348 |
|
|
|
Paresi |
no |
|
Rowan 1978:xiii |
|
|
|
Palikur |
yes |
masc., fem., neutral |
Launey 2003:65 |
|
|
|
Yine |
yes |
|
Matteson 1965:106 |
|
|
|
Añun |
no |
masc./non masc gender suffixes can be added to PN |
Patte 1989:55 |
|
|
|
Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005: 52-55 |
|
|
|
Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 282 |
|
|
|
Makushi |
no |
|
Abbott 1991: 99 |
|
|
|
Eñepa |
no |
|
Tosantos 1977:19-20 |
|
|
|
Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 12 |
|
These are also demonstratives, and I think that's why there are two of them |
|
Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:34 |
|
|
|
Kogi |
no |
|
Celedón 1886:13 |
|
|
|
Cabecar |
no |
|
Bourland 1976:56 |
|
|
|
Guaymí |
no |
But it seems that animacy is distinguished: niara is used with animate nouns and nokó is used with inanimate or neuter nouns |
Alphonse 1956:4, Quesada 2008:69 |
|
|
|
Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Sikuani |
yes |
Masculine and feminine, as well as neuter. |
de Kondo (Vol.1) - 1985:15; Queixalós - 2000:8-9 |
|
|
|
Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:154 |
|
|
|
Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:42-3 |
|
Catío |
|
Waorani |
no |
|
Peeke 1973:40 |
|
|
|
Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974:26 |
|
|
|
Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:241 |
|
|
|
Mapudungun |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
Páez |
no |
|
Jung:136 |
|
|
|
Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Perroud 1972:37 |
|
|
|
Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2004b:88-89 |
|
|
|
Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:213 |
|
|
|
Waunana |
no |
|
Mejía 2000:90; Loewen 1954:83-84 |
|
|
|
Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: 131 |
|
|
|
Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p186 |
|
|
|
Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 202 to 204 |
|
|
|
Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
Kaingang |
yes |
|
Goncalves 2011:12 |
|
|
|
Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.10 |
|
|
|
Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 30 |
|
|
|
Cubeo |
yes |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 80 |
|
|
|
Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2007:142 |
|
|
|
Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35 |
|
|
|
Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.32 |
|
|
|
Barasano |
yes |
In the third person singular there is an animate/inanimate distinction as well as separate forms for masculine and feminine. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.31 |
|
|
|
Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.34 |
|
|
|
Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1970:141 |
|
|
|
Tukano |
yes |
|
West and Welch 2004: 19-20 |
|
|
|
Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994: 209-210 |
|
|
|
Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.50-51 |
|
|
|
Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: p.150 |
|
|
|
Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):7 |
|
|
|
Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:300-4 |
|
|
|
Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:146 |
|
|
|
Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Ayala 1996:28 |
|
|
|
Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
Kokama |
no |
different sets of pronouns for male vs. female speech |
Vallejos 2010:201 |
|
|
|
Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms7.2 |
|
|
1 |
Garrwa |
no |
|
fpro1 |
|
|
0 |
Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Warlpiri |
no |
|
BS151 |
|
|
0 |
Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
12 |
|
|
1 |
Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
53 |
|
|
1 |
Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yalarnnga |
no |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
Woiwurrung |
no |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
Wirangu |
No |
|
80-83 |
|
|
0 |
Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 37-8 |
|
|
0 |
Warumungu |
No |
|
28-29 |
|
|
0 |
Wangkumara |
no |
|
r4-6 |
|
|
0 |
Uradhi |
No |
|
354 |
|
|
0 |
Paakantyi |
no |
|
109 |
|
|
0 |
Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
194 |
|
|
1 |
Pintupi |
no |
|
103-120; 130-120 |
|
|
0 |
Nyungar |
no |
|
d51 |
|
|
0 |
Nhanta |
no |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
124 |
|
|
0 |
Ngayawang |
No |
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
Muruwari |
no |
|
90 |
|
|
0 |
Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
53-54 |
|
|
0 |
Martuthunira |
no |
|
100-108 |
|
|
0 |
Marrgany |
No |
|
303 |
|
|
0 |
Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
87 |
|
|
0 |
Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
74 |
|
|
0 |
Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
397 |
|
|
0 |
Kaurna |
No |
|
7-8 |
|
|
0 |
Kalkatungu |
no |
|
39b |
|
|
0 |
Jaru |
no |
|
64-5 |
|
|
0 |
Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
283 |
|
|
0 |
Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
Dyirbal |
N/A |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
Duungidjawu |
no |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
Djinang |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diyari |
yes |
|
60-61 |
|
|
1 |
Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dharawal |
no |
|
49-52 |
|
|
0 |
Darkinyung |
yes |
|
28 |
|
|
1 |
Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Biri |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
Batyala |
No |
|
204 |
|
|
0 |
Arabana |
no |
|
110-113 |
|
|
0 |
Alyawarr |
no |
|
92 |
|
|
0 |
Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Yawuru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yulparija |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
Wathawurrung |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
90 |
|
|
0 |
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
Thanggati |
no |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
Katthang |
yes |
|
64 |
|
|
1 |
Panyjima |
no |
|
136-137 |
|
|
0 |
Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
Kurrama |
no |
|
73-94 |
|
|
0 |
Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
Githabul |
yes |
|
15 |
|
|
1 |
Gunya |
No |
|
304 |
|
|
0 |
Kunjen |
No |
|
87 |
|
|
0 |
WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 121 |
|
|
1 |
Wakaya |
yes |
|
143 |
|
|
1 |
Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
508 |
|
|
x |
Bandjalang |
yes |
|
78 |
|
|
1 |
Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
Arrernte |
No |
|
101 |
|
|
0 |
Kokatha |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
Karajarri |
No |
|
236 |
|
|
0 |
Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 18 |
|
|
0 |
Ritharrngu |
No |
|
44 |
|
|
0 |
Warrgamay |
No |
|
41 |
|
|
0 |
Warluwarra |
no |
|
907 |
|
|
0 |
Warnman |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
Djapu |
no |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
Bilinarra |
no |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
|
|
0 |
Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
62 |
|
|
0 |
Narungga |
No |
|
58 |
|
|
0 |
Tharrkari |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
Wajarri |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
Warungu |
no |
|
174-5 |
|
|
0 |
Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|